Efforts to use eye movement data to elucidate cognitive processes center on phenomena ranging from basic physiological processes to complex processes such as decision-making and job performance, and have been very productive. Irrespective of the particular task being studied, individual differences efforts have yielded differences in eye movements…

Although both the general public and research scientists intuitively understand the word learning, the meanings they assign to it vary. Nevertheless, there is too much concern about generalizing the meaning, and too little concern about learning context. Learning context is the internal, changing relation between individual and situation; it is…

Empirical cluster analysis methods have been the basis for development of a phenomenological classification of depressive disorders. Verbal descriptions of the distinguishing features of anxious, hostile, agitated, and retarded subtypes of depression are provided to facilitate development of clinical classification concepts. A review of validity…

The research review revealed that neither deception nor gullibility affects individual differences in acceptance, that subjects accurately recognize the triviality and actual accuracy of Barnum feedback, and that bogus feedback may persuade subjects to alter their self-evaluations slightly. The acceptance phenomenon manifests subjects' rationality…

A bibliography with approximately 1,000 references to articles on multidimensional scaling (MDS) is preceded by a summary review tracing the major developments in the areas covered, and identifying significant references in each. With the exception of a few earlier documents, the period covered is 1966 to 1978. Topics mentioned in the summary…

Reviews studies in which the psychophysiological responses of Type A and B subjects were studied in various contexts. It appears that Type A's manifest greater psychophysiological arousal in solitary as well as interpersonal situations in which there is a moderate external incentive to accomplish something and an intermediate probability of…

Reviewed task-related differences in physiological arousal between Type A and Type B persons and found that differences are less consistent and of a smaller magnitude than what is usually assumed. Furthermore, the median difference in systolic blood pressure between Type A and Type B persons working on tasks was small. (Author/JAC)

Notes that children's books are a valuable source for teachers to bring topics before their students, begin discussions that promote the acceptance of special needs learners, and teach children about the differences that individuals bring to learning situations. Presents annotations of several books that deal with subjects that can be difficult…

Development through learning (the concept that managers learn, grow, and undergo personal change resulting from the roles, responsibilities, and tasks encountered in their jobs) has become an important field with a developed body of literature. Although on-the-job experiences have always been a powerful source of managerial learning, they have…

This bibliography lists 260 articles reporting on research in which the use of pictures as experimental stimuli is central to (not incidental to) the researcher's hypotheses and in which internal imaginal processes are presumed to be activated, no matter what the nature of the experimental stimuli. The articles included are from the 1980 issues of…

This report is a review of current literature on the relation of aptitudes to learning outcomes under different instructional methods or conditions. Included are: (1) aptitude-instructional treatment interaction studies; (2) notes on new methodological problems; (3) and studies of individual differences in laboratory learning arrangements.…

Reviewed experimental evidence for the efficacy of videotape and verbal feedback in behavioral couple therapy. Concluded that research does not permit definitive conclusions concerning either procedure. Evidence indicates that it is difficult to ascertain just how the communication behaviors of happy and distressed couples differ. (Author/JAC)

Analyzed limitations of empirical research models in terms of ability to reflect an interactional perspective on suicidal behavior. A new research model was developed. Findings indicated such real-life behaviors cannot be understood by recourse to individual differences variables alone or environmental variables alone. (Author/BEF)

A selection of fiction and nonfiction for children dealing with some of their real concerns: wearing eyeglasses, having learning problems, being obese, wearing braces, being left-handed. (SJL)

Discusses factors that deter counselors in responding to wife abuse. Characteristics of the abused wife are outlined. Strategies used in helping abused women are discussed, including support groups, feminist-oriented counseling, and exploring the possibility of ending the relationship. (Author/JAC)