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Zhu, Ning; Filik, Ruth – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Sarcasm is commonly used in everyday language; however, little is currently known about cultural and individual differences in sarcasm interpretation and use, particularly across Western and Eastern cultures. To address these gaps in the literature, the present study investigated individual differences in sarcasm interpretation and use in the UK…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Negative Attitudes, Communication (Thought Transfer), Individual Differences
Yanli Lin; Rachel E. Brough; Allison Tay; Joshua J. Jackson; Todd S. Braver – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Previous research has linked working memory capacity (WMC) with enhanced proactive control. However, it remains unclear the extent to which this relationship reflects the influence of WMC on the tendency to engage proactive control, or rather, the ability to implement it. The current study sought to clarify this ambiguity by leveraging the Dual…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Self Control
Ducks Lay Eggs and Lions Have Manes: The Acceptability of Gender-Specific Minority Generic Sentences
Passanisi, Alessia; Pace, Ugo; Kabir, Khalida T.; Hampton, James A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Minority characteristic generic statements such as "ducks lay eggs" are judged to be generally true of the class, despite being true of a minority of cases, such as healthy female ducks of egg-laying age. Five studies explored the factors responsible for the acceptance of minority generic statements about biological kinds. Studies 1 and…
Descriptors: Animals, Gender Differences, Birth, Biology
Burcu Arslan; Francis Ng; Tilbe Göksun; Nazbanou Nozari – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Information can be conveyed via multiple channels such as verbal and gestural (visual) channels during communication. Sometimes the information from different channels does not match (e.g., saying right while pointing to the left). How do addressees choose which information to act upon in such cases? In two experiments, we investigated this issue…
Descriptors: Verbal Communication, Nonverbal Communication, Short Term Memory, Feedback (Response)
Zaman, Jonas; Yu, Kenny; Lee, Jessica C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In the field of stimulus generalization, an old yet unresolved discussion pertains to what extent stimulus misidentifications contribute to the pattern of conditioned responding. In this article, we perform cluster analysis on six datasets (four published datasets and two unpublished datasets, included N = 950) to examine the relationship between…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Stimuli, Identification, Cognitive Processes
Pratte, Michael S.; Green, Marshall L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
People vary in their performance on visual working memory tasks, and these individual differences covary with a wide range of higher-level cognitive processes including fluid intelligence. Performance also varies across study displays, purportedly driven by both low- and higher-level processes. Understanding what causes these sources of systematic…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes
Ichien, Nicholas; Lu, Hongjing; Holyoak, Keith J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Although models of word meanings based on distributional semantics have proved effective in predicting human judgments of similarity among individual concepts, it is less clear whether or how such models might be extended to account for judgments of similarity among relations between concepts. Here we combine an individual-differences approach…
Descriptors: Prediction, Semantics, Definitions, Decision Making
Cohen, Dale J.; Cromley, Amanda R.; Freda, Katelyn E.; White, Madeline – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Here, we present a strong test of the hypothesis that sacrificial moral dilemmas are solved using the same value-based decision mechanism that operates on decisions concerning economic goods. To test this hypothesis, we developed Psychological Value Theory. Psychological Value Theory is an expansion and generalization of Cohen and Ahn's (2016)…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Decision Making, Moral Values, Problem Solving
Tierney, Adam; Rosen, Stuart; Dick, Fred – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Speech is more difficult to understand when it is presented concurrently with a distractor speech stream. One source of this difficulty is that competing speech can act as an attentional lure, requiring listeners to exert attentional control to ensure that attention does not drift away from the target. Stronger attentional control may enable…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Individual Differences, Speech Communication, Attention Control
He, Qiliang; Liu, Jancy Ling; Beveridge, Elizabeth H.; Eschapasse, Lou; Vargas, Vanesa; Brown, Thackery I. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Valued-based decision-making has been studied for decades in myriad topics such as consumer spending and gambling, but very rarely in spatial navigation despite the link between the two being highly relevant to survival. Furthermore, how people integrate episodic memories, and what factors are related to the extent of memory integration in…
Descriptors: Memory, Decision Making, Spatial Ability, Navigation
Röer, Jan Philipp; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
In the cocktail party phenomenon, participants cannot attend to more than 1 stream of information, but sometimes detect their own name being presented in the irrelevant message during a selective listening task. Here we present a preregistered replication of the phenomenon, in which we also tested whether semantically unexpected words have a…
Descriptors: Attention, Listening, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory
Hayes, Brett K.; Liew, Shi Xian; Desai, Saoirse Connor; Navarro, Danielle J.; Wen, Yuhang – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
The samples of evidence we use to make inferences in everyday and formal settings are often subject to selection biases. Two property induction experiments examined group and individual sensitivity to one type of selection bias: sampling frames - causal constraints that only allow certain types of instances to be sampled. Group data from both…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Inferences, Bias, Individual Differences
Henry Markovits; Valerie A. Thompson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Mental model (Johnson-Laird, 2001) and probabilistic theories (Oaksford & Chater, 2009) claim to provide distinct explanations of human reasoning. However, the dual strategy model of reasoning suggests that this distinction corresponds to different reasoning strategies, termed "counterexample" and "statistical,"…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Thinking Skills, Learning Strategies, Logical Thinking
Rummel, Jan; Hagemann, Dirk; Steindorf, Lena; Schubert, Anna-Lena – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Mind wandering is often defined as the phenomenon of one's attention drifting away from the current activity toward inner thoughts and feelings. In the laboratory, mind wandering is most frequently assessed with thought reports that are collected while people perform some ongoing activity. It is not clear, however, inasmuch the resulting…
Descriptors: Attention, Influences, Activities, Reliability
Ball, B. Hunter; Vogel, Anne; Ellis, Derek M.; Brewer, Gene A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Research suggests that forcing participants to withhold responding for as brief as 600 ms eliminates one of the most reliable findings in prospective memory (PM): the cue focality effect. This result undermines the conventional view that controlled attentional monitoring processes support PM, and instead suggests that cue detection results from…
Descriptors: Memory, Attention Control, Cues, Individual Differences