Two experiments assessed the effect of individual differences on aggression. (Editor)

This investigation was designed to provide information about two issues: the nature of internal-external differences in self-reinforcement behavior and the source of those differences. (Author/RK)

Assigned undergraduates to groups defined by combination of factors: opportunity to cheat, type of competition, subject Machiavellianism (Mach). Cheating occurred in opportunity to cheat, impersonal competition, high Mach group and in opportunity to cheat, personal competition, low Mach group. Extends research to situations where subjects cheated…

The present experiments were designed to assess the hypothesis that arousal (indexed by measures of extraversion and neuroticism) focuses memory on physical cues while adversely affecting memory for semantic cues. (Author)

The Profile of Mood States lists emotional categories. It was studied for actual interrelationships among its categories. An examination of intraindividual relationships showed that emotion categories are systematically interrelated and can be accounted for by three bipolar dimensions: pleasure-displeasure, arousal-sleepiness, and…

Develops measures of individual differences in attribute centrality, investigates convergent validity, and explores differences in central and noncentral attribute functions within same person. University students in three countries completed questionnaires. Four relative centrality measures correlated with information required to make decisions…

Twin children were videotaped hitting an inflated clown figure. Three behaviors (number of hits, intensity of hits, and number of quadrants hit) showed adequate response characteristics, rater reliability, and test-retest reliability. Twin analyses of the three behavioral ratings yielded no evidence of hereditary influence. (Author)

The specific goals of the present study were to evaluate the effects of an ego-stress, giving a speech, on self-report, physiological and behavioral measures of state anxiety. (Author)

Tested predictions derived from Eysenck's theory of personality in two samples by relating extraversion scores to library study locations, frequency of study breaks, and self-report of factors which influence study location. Found predicted main effects for study location with extraverts occupying locations that provided greater external…

Assessed the relationship between sex-role identity, behavioral interaction, and interpersonal attraction in an initial extended encounter. Female subjects (N=82) identified as either feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated participated in same-sex dyads. Results of the combined initial and final unstructured interactions indicated greater…

Proposed a conceptual distinction between two types of experienced power and examined its relevance to participation in power-relaxed activities. After two college football games, spectators chose an image-of-power position after a hometeam defeat, and an actual-power position after a hometeam victory. Experiences of vicarious success or failure…

Investigated the relationship between public and private self-consciousness and social and personal aspects of identity. Public self-consciousness correlated more strongly with social than with personal aspects of identity, and private self-consciousness correlated more strongly with personal than with social aspects. Discusses implications for…

Investigated helping as a function of empathic anxiety (anxiety in response to modeled distress) and individual differences in sociopathic tendencies. Results indicated modeled distress produces increases in anxiety which are positively associated with helping and sociopathic individuals are less likely to help than are nonsociopathic individuals.…

This study focused on individual differences in game behavior with respect to the motives of each participant. (Author/RK)

Results suggest that some people ascribe traits more often and indicate "depends on the situation" less often than do others. Personality correlates of this tendency indicate that it is associated with poor psychological adjustment and an extreme response style. (Author)