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Hazamy, Audrey A.; Altmann, Lori J. P. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: Emotional processing allows us to predict our own and others' behavior, communicate our wants and needs, and understand those of others. Thus, deficits in emotional processing can negatively impact one's quality of life. While changes in emotional processing across several domains (e.g., prosody, faces) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Neurological Impairments, Language Processing, Cognitive Measurement
Decker, Scott L.; Bridges, Rachel M.; Luedke, Jessica C.; Eason, Michael J. – Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2021
The current study provides a methodological review of studies supporting a general factor of intelligence as the primary model for contemporary measures of cognitive abilities. A further evaluation is provided by an empirical evaluation that compares statistical estimates using different approaches in a large sample of children (ages 9-13 years, N…
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Intelligence, Cognitive Ability, Personality
Frischkorn, Gidon T.; von Bastian, Claudia C. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain.…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Learning Theories, Executive Function, Cognitive Processes
The Feasibility of Working Memory Tablet Tasks in Predicting Scholastic Skills in Classroom Settings
Kanerva, Kaisa; Kiistala, Ilkka; Kalakoski, Virpi; Hirvonen, Riikka; Ahonen, Timo; Kiuru, Noona – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2019
Cognitive assessment in natural group settings facilitates data collection but poses threats to the validity. In this study, tablet-based working memory (WM) tasks, the counting span, and reading span were used in predicting 12-year-old children's (N = 837) scholastic skills and fluid intelligence in a classroom with environmental noise. WM tasks…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Handheld Devices, Cognitive Measurement, Predictor Variables
Kim, Albert E.; Oines, Leif; Miyake, Akira – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
This study investigated the processes reflected in the widely observed N400 and P600 event-related potential (ERP) effects and tested the hypothesis that the N400 and P600 effects are functionally linked in a tradeoff relationship, constrained in part by individual differences in cognitive ability. Sixty participants read sentences, and ERP…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Measurement, Semantics
Themanson, Jason R.; Rosen, Peter J.; Pontifex, Matthew B.; Hillman, Charles H.; McAuley, Edward – Brain and Cognition, 2012
This study examines the relation between the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error behavior over time in healthy young adults (N = 61). Event-related brain potentials were collected during two sessions of an identical flanker task. Results indicated changes in ERN and post-error accuracy were related across task sessions, with more…
Descriptors: Brain, Behavior, Accuracy, Young Adults
Redick, Thomas S.; Calvo, Alejandra; Gay, Catherine E.; Engle, Randall W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
The ability to temporarily maintain information in order to successfully perform a task is important in many daily activities. However, the ability to quickly and accurately update existing mental representations in distracting situations is also imperative in many of these same circumstances. In the current studies, individuals varying in working…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Executive Function, Inhibition, Adults
Bridger, Emma K.; Herron, Jane E.; Elward, Rachael L.; Wilding, Edward L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
Processes engaged when information is encoded into memory are an important determinant of whether that information will be recovered subsequently. Also influential, however, are processes engaged at the time of retrieval, and these were investigated here by using event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure a specific class of retrieval operations.…
Descriptors: Correlation, Individual Differences, Brain, Experiments
Brunner, Martin – Learning and Individual Differences, 2008
This study investigates the relationships of domain-general cognitive abilities and domain-specific verbal and mathematical abilities to students' educational characteristics when two theoretically grounded, but competing structural models are applied. In the standard model, a single latent ability causes interindividual differences in the…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Ability
Unsworth, Nash – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2007
Two experiments explored the possibility that individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) partially reflect differences in the size of the search set from which items are retrieved. High- and low-WMC individuals were tested in delayed (Experiment 1) and continuous distractor (Experiment 2) free recall with varying list lengths. Across…
Descriptors: Retention (Psychology), Individual Differences, Recall (Psychology), Simulation

Jensen, Arthur R. – Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1986
Addresses the theoretically important question of whether g is merely an artifact of the method of constructing psychometric tests and the mathematical operations of factor analysis or whether it has an authentic claim to represent some natural phenomenon that exists independently of psychometrics and factor analysis. (Author/ABB)
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Construct Validity, Factor Analysis, Individual Differences

Schwartz, Steven – Journal of Research in Personality, 1975
The present experiments were designed to assess the hypothesis that arousal (indexed by measures of extraversion and neuroticism) focuses memory on physical cues while adversely affecting memory for semantic cues. (Author)
Descriptors: Arousal Patterns, Cognitive Measurement, Individual Differences, Memory
Walsh, Rich; Soat, Doug – Training, 1975
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Learning Processes

Fagan, Joseph F., III – Intelligence, 1981
Prior studies found individual differences in visual recognition memory during infancy were related to individual differences in later intelligence. This paper discusses methodological issues in the measurement of infant visual recognition, the significance of previously obtained predictive validity coefficients, and the theoretical question of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Individual Differences, Infants, Intelligence

North, Alvin J.; Ulatowska, Hanna K. – International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1979
Residents (N=27) of a Jewish home for the aged were given a battery of 25 tests of cognitive abilities. There were marked individual differences among participants. Poorer performance was associated with carrying a diagnosis of organic brain syndrome and with a number of other background variables. (Author)
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Jews