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Direct linkPowell, Bradley; Van Herwegen, Jo – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
This study examined individual differences as well as the development of sensory processing difficulties in children with Williams syndrome (WS) using a cross-sectional (Experiment 1) and longitudinal design (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, a clustering approach of sensory processing scores suggested two groups. Experiment 2 showed that the…
Descriptors: Sensory Experience, Perceptual Impairments, Genetic Disorders, Children
Turbett, Kaitlyn; Jeffery, Linda; Bell, Jason; Burton, Jessamy; Palermo, Romina – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
Face recognition difficulties are common in autism and could be a consequence of perceptual atypicalities that disrupt the ability to integrate current and prior information. We tested this theory by measuring the strength of serial dependence for faces (i.e. how likely is it that current perception of a face is biased towards a previously seen…
Descriptors: Autism, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Visual Perception, Recognition (Psychology)
Dai Zhang; Yanghui Xie; Longsheng Wang; Ke Zhou – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Arithmetic ability is critical for daily life, academic achievement, career development, and future economic success. Individual differences in arithmetic skills among children and adolescents are related to variations in brain structures. Most existing studies have used hypothesis-driven region of interest analysis. To identify distributed brain…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Prediction, Arithmetic, Academic Achievement
Yuewen Zhang; Zhenhong Wang – Developmental Science, 2024
Intra-individual response time variability (IIRTV) during cognitive performance is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of attentional control (AC) and related brain region function. However, what determinants contribute to preschoolers' IIRTV received little attention. The present study explored the interaction of dopaminergic…
Descriptors: Genetics, Parent Child Relationship, Reaction Time, Attention Control
Asbury, Kathryn; Wai, Jonathan – Journal of School Choice, 2020
This paper introduces a literature from outside the field of education research and policy that we argue has potential to enhance both policy and practice. This field, behavioral genetics, has amassed highly replicable findings spanning more than half a century. Although no necessary policy implications follow from the evidence we review here,…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Genetics, Individual Differences, Educational Psychology
Download full textWen, Zhisheng; Yang, Jing; Han, Lili – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2022
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in case studies and surveys by researchers of second language acquisition (SLA) and cognitive (neuro-)science to probe into the group of exceptionally talented multilingual learners or polyglots who can understand and speak an impressive number of multiple foreign languages other than their own mother…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Language Aptitude, Language Proficiency, Language Skills
Emma Armstrong-Carter; Jasmin Wertz; Benjamin W. Domingue – Child Development Perspectives, 2021
Recent genetic discoveries offer a new lens through which to study cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social processes that are foundational to children's development. In this article, we review the latest advances in genomics--genome-wide association studies and the polygenic scores that have come out of them--and discuss how these techniques…
Descriptors: Genetics, Child Development, Scores, Individual Differences
Heuer, Sarah E.; Neuner, Sarah M.; Hadad, Niran; O'Connell, Kristen M. S.; Williams, Robert W.; Philip, Vivek M.; Gaiteri, Chris; Kaczorowski, Catherine C. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Individual differences in cognitive decline during normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these distinct outcomes are not fully understood. We utilized a combination of genetic, molecular, and behavioral data from a mouse population designed to model human variation in cognitive outcomes to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Resilience (Psychology), Alzheimers Disease, Genetics
Li-Gao, Ruifang; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Dolan, Conor V.; De Geus, Eco J. C.; Denollet, Johan; Kupper, Nina – Developmental Psychology, 2022
Feeling inhibited and socially not at ease is reflected in the trait social inhibition (SI). SI is associated with psychopathology that arises in young adulthood, such as anxiety. We aim for a better insight into the genetic and environmental contributions to SI across the life span, and as such examine their contributions to SI stability and…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Genetics, Environmental Influences, Twins
Musso, Mariel F.; Cómbita, Lina M.; Cascallar, Eduardo C.; Rueda, M. Rosario – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2022
The objective of this research was to develop robust predictive models of the gains in working memory (WM) and fluid intelligence (Gf) following executive attention training in children, using genetic markers, gender, and age variables. We explore the influence of genetic variables on individual differences in susceptibility to intervention.…
Descriptors: Genetics, Artificial Intelligence, Gender Differences, Age Differences
Emma Armstrong-Carter; Jasmin Wertz; Benjamin W. Domingue – Grantee Submission, 2021
Recent genetic discoveries offer a new lens through which to study cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social processes that are foundational to children's development. In this article, we review the latest advances in genomics--genome-wide association studies and the polygenic scores that have come out of them--and discuss how these techniques…
Descriptors: Child Development, Genetics, Cognitive Processes, Emotional Development
Mairon, Noam; Abramson, Lior; Knafo-Noam, Ariel; Perry, Anat; Nahum, Mor – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Empathy and executive functions (EFs) are multimodal constructs that enable individuals to cope with their environment. Both abilities develop throughout childhood and are known to contribute to social behavior and academic performance in young adolescents. Notably, mentalizing and EF activate shared frontotemporal brain areas, which in previous…
Descriptors: Empathy, Correlation, Twins, Longitudinal Studies
Anreiter, Ina; Sokolowski, H. Moriah; Sokolowski, Marla B. – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2018
Individuals of the same species display remarkable variation in behavior, even in identical contexts. Increasing complexity in behavioral phenotypes brings with it an increase in individual variation in the manifestation of those phenotypes, and human behavior undoubtedly stands at the pinnacle of complexity. In this article, we discuss current…
Descriptors: Genetics, Behavior Patterns, Individual Differences, Environmental Influences
Evans, Nathan J.; Steyvers, Mark; Brown, Scott D. – Cognitive Science, 2018
Understanding individual differences in cognitive performance is an important part of understanding how variations in underlying cognitive processes can result in variations in task performance. However, the exploration of individual differences in the components of the decision process--such as cognitive processing speed, response caution, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Models, Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes
Tosto, Maria Grazia; Garon-Carrier, Gabrielle; Gross, Susan; Petrill, Stephen A.; Malykh, Sergey; Malki, Karim; Hart, Sara A.; Thompson, Lee; Karadaghi, Rezhaw L.; Yakovlev, Nikita; Tikhomirova, Tatiana; Opfer, John E.; Mazzocco, Michèle M. M.; Dionne, Ginette; Brendgen, Mara; Vitaro, Frank; Tremblay, Richard E.; Boivin, Michel; Kovas, Yulia – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2019
Background: The number line task assesses the ability to estimate numerical magnitudes. People vary greatly in this ability, and this variability has been previously associated with mathematical skills. However, the sources of individual differences in number line estimation and its association with mathematics are not fully understood. Aims: This…
Descriptors: Twins, Individual Differences, Computation, Mathematics Skills
