Examined psychotherapy process from social power theory. Findings indicated therapists were consistent in their use of tactics, male therapists used more influence tactics, therapists used more passive forms of influence earlier in the session, therapists of both genders told female clients what to do, and therapists used stronger influence…

Tests the hypothesis that an ingratiating subordinate will receive more rewards when the one in power is also faced with a hostile subordinate. Finds that an ingratiating subordinate receives more than his share of rewards regardless, and that all compliant subordinates receive even more when a hostile subordinate is present. (MB)

A recent interest in the organizational literature has been to identify the circumstances under which people exercise upward influence in order to achieve individual and organizational goals. To examine the circumstances under which administrators in a variety of firms exercised upward influence, i.e., influence on their superiors, to achieve…