To examine different approaches to teacher autonomy in nation-states, three countries were selected for a comparative study: Estonia, Finland and Germany. The emphasis of the study lies on the subjective perceptions of upper secondary school teachers (n = 33 semi-structured interviews) regarding their curricular autonomy and experiences of being…

This paper discusses the actions of noted Harvard University president James Bryant Conant, taken in regard to the Nazi government in Germany, from the time of Conant's becoming president of Harvard University in 1933 to the time of the widespread pogrom in Germany of 9-10 November 1938, known as Kristallnacht. Conant's attitudes and actions…

Since 1933 marked the end of autonomous and democratic women's associations, historiography tends to neglect the study of feminist voices under National-Socialism. This paper looks at one of "völkisch" feminist movement's leaders, writer and journalist Sophie Rogge-Börner (1878-1955), whose claims for gender equality were rooted in…

This article addresses academics who innovate in higher education and their characteristics. We undertake a qualitative case study of six individuals who implemented disruptive and transformative pedagogical approaches and curricular practices in their departments and/or at their institutions. Our findings point to six common…

Purpose: Motivational processes can be set in motion when positive consequences of physical exercise are experienced. However, relationships between positive exercise experience and determinants of the motivational and the volitional phases of exercise change have attracted only sparse attention in research. Method: This research examines direct…

The focus of this article is on the relationship between tolerance and individualized religion as the most common type of adolescent religion in many western countries. Drawing on a number of qualitative studies conducted by the author with children and adolescents in Germany, as well as on other larger studies conducted by others, the author…

Describes work of Karl Wilker, physician who was appointed director of Berlin's (Germany) most infamous facility for juvenile delinquents at Berlin-Lichterfelde and "Der Lindenhof," the book he published in 1921 on his experiences with troubled youth. Focuses on Wilker's strategies for empowering youth with whom he worked through…

Analysis of cohorts of German young adults indicated that the dual vocational training system that supports socialization and transition is eroding. and self-socialization and personal agency are increasingly important. However, for some occupations the dual system still provides skills and attitudes to cope with self-imposed and forced career…

Explains that education mainly deals with the formation of the intellectual creative power of a subject giving meaning to things and not with the issue of responding to the demands of the world. Suggests that self-referentiality of signs is not an achievement of the educational subject but a loss of possibilities for actively responding to the…

Reviews the moral issues and political circumstances of the Holocaust. Identifies four prototypical participants and discusses their role and actions in terms of personal decisions. These are: Victims, Perpetrators, Bystanders, and Activists. Concludes with a call for individuals to examine their own efforts at combatting bigotry and hatred. (MJP)