Heroism means different things to different people. Uncovering individual definitions requires discussion and personal insights. Five brief biographies to stimulate discussion are included. Activities are suggested. (MT)

Historically, educational theory has been closely related to major movements in the socio-political-economic structure. It is proposed that education in the future will need to consider the concepts of change, conscious awareness and cooperation in the context of a concern for survival of humanity. (Author)

Within the context of the social history of the Chinese American elderly in the United States, the author analyzes the psychological and cultural patterns of learned helplessness among this minority group. (EF)

There is more and more external control of classroom content and processes. This external control is being vested in legislative and administrative bodies, which are more apt to turn the school over to managerial and industrial needs. Teachers should take organized action to defend their right to control the classroom. (RM)

A persistent problem for supervisors and curriculum workers has been the unresolved tension between the demands of the organization and the drive for professionalism. Emerging in the late nineteenth century, the problem was greatly influenced by the transformation of the school system along bureaucratic lines. Supervisors and curriculum workers…

The critical need for school reform cannot be separated from social reform. It is necessary, therefore, to go beyond the limited scope of curriculum modification to the process of learning how to take every element of an educational experience, raise it to a conscious level, and relate it to a universal struggle around a system of democratic…