This research examines the following hypotheses: (1) that members of organizations with low power have one of four ways of balancing power as a preferred power-balancing style, (2) that such styles have biographical correlates, and (3) that certain styles will be overrepresented in organizations. (Author)

This research represents a radically new approach to organization analysis based on a study of participants' cause maps. It begins by ranking the variables of the average cause map and then, using these ranks, unfolding the map into a content-free graph called an etiograph. (Author/IRT)

Develops a model to explain organizational behavior in terms of the goals of individuals and of the constraints imposed by resource utilization. (Author/WM)

Researchers interviewed 83 subordinate employees and 70 supervisory employees to investigate the ways subordinates try to influence their supervisors. Supervisors and subordinates reported similar agents and methods of influence, causes of success, and outcomes of attempts at upward influence, but different causes of failure. (Author/RW)

Reports the results of an investigation designed to examine selected aspects (intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, and self-perceptions of power) of the exercise of influence in elementary principals. (Author/IRT)

Interviews and observations at the Children's Center, a Bronx (New York) psychiatric hospital, yielded data about the effects on individual power of network relations at the individual and work-unit levels. Regression analysis indicates individuals' participation in work units that are integrated into organization-wide networks enhances individual…

Critical incident interviews of males and females determined coping strategies used during frustrating workplace situations of powerlessness because of dependency on others. Although men and women did not differ in relative job power, women more frequently used an acquiescence strategy. Job dependency, however, determined this strategy more than…