Tutoring has emerged as an especially promising strategy for supporting students academically. This study synthesizes 33 articles on the implementation of tutoring, defined as one-to-one or small-group instruction in which a human tutor supports students grades K-12 in an academic subject, to better understand the facilitators and barriers to…

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on education systems worldwide, leading to significant learning loss, exacerbating existing educational inequalities and disproportionately affecting disadvantaged students. Governments around the world have begun to invest in large-scale tutoring initiatives as a key component of their…

Tutoring--defined here as one-on-one or small-group instructional programming by teachers, paraprofessionals, volunteers, or parents--is one of the most versatile and potentially transformative educational tools in use today. Within the past decade, dozens of preK-12 tutoring experiments have been conducted, varying widely in their approach,…

Evidence on the effect of extending the school day is decidedly mixed because of the stark differences in how schools use additional time. In this paper, I focus narrowly on the effect of additional time used for individualized tutorials. In 2005, MATCH Charter Public High School integrated two hours of tutorials throughout an extended day. The…

Cross-peer tutoring in English as a second language, in which an under-achieving native English-speaking student tutors a limited-English-speaking student, focuses on learning as a cooperative undertaking and addresses both the process and the outcome of learning. In one such project, student tutors were chosen according to their characteristics…

Programs designed to enable Australian aborigines who had not successfully completed high school to qualify for science- and mathematics-related courses in higher education emphasize diagnostic testing, individualized instruction, short-term goals, and learner independence. Tutors have instructional, management, and support roles. Some early…

A mathematics and science tutorial program at the University of California, San Diego is described to provide a model for other university tutorial programs. Descriptions of the format of various components of the program are provided. Detailed information is also provided on the required tutor training class, tutor and tutee recruitment,…

If schools improved the academic performance of at-risk students beginning in the early years and continuing through the elementary grades, this improvement would have multiple positive effects on student dropout, delinquency, pregnancy, substance abuse, and other behaviors. Early improvement of poor academic performance could greatly alleviate…

Different forms of peer tutoring within college and universities are described and compared for effectiveness, including cross-year and same-year small-group, individualized, supplemental, diadic, reciprocal, fixed-role, writing process, and distance tutoring. Three methods are found to be widely used, demonstrated effective, and meriting expanded…

This report documents the Workplace Literacy for Psychiatric Health Care Workers project, a partnership between a labor union and the City University of New York through which workplace literacy instruction was provided to mental hygiene therapy aides (MHTAs) employed in five state-operated psychiatric hospitals in New York City. Among the…

A special demonstration project was conducted to provide individualized basic/workplace skills instruction to 36 high school dropouts with special needs or learning problems and thereby enable them to earn a high school diploma. Because of time constraints, services were provided to only eight students. Individual Learning Plans (ILPs) were…

A program was developed to train community school administrators in the Garfield School District (Panguitch, Utah) in the skills, techniques, and understandings essential for implementing and evaluating a successful multiple-option instructional program for adult basic and adult high school students. The need for the program was determined because…