The framework and tools used for classroom assessment can have significant impacts on teacher practices and student achievement. Getting assessment right is an important component in creating positive learning experiences and academic success. Recent government reports (e.g., United States, Australia) call for the development of systems that use…

This article argues that test takers are as integral to determining validity of test scores as defining target content and conditioning inferences on test use. A principled sustained attention to how students interact with assessment opportunities is essential, as is a principled sustained evaluation of evidence confirming the validity or calling…

How to describe the Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) Placement Tests to the non-IPI community; how to assess student performance over a period of time, and what information can be obtained relative to the IPI curriculum: such are the concerns of this study. A possible solution to the first problem is to describe the IPI Placement Test…

Two ways of interpreting raw test data are norm-referencing and criterion-referencing; the former yields information based on some type of ordering of the person on the person's dimension, while the latter tells whether or not students can exhibit a given performance. Criterion-referenced information can be ordered into a criterion-referenced…

Achievement and intelligence tests have been criticized for their adverse effects on the mental health and intellectual development of children. The fault is not with the testing, but with the instructional program. Reforms in testing must be accomplished as part of a revolution in the total instructional program encompassing: (1) a shift from a…

The testing sub-program is designed to provide the diagnostic instruments necessary to measure pupil progress through the Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) curricula. Its objectives are to provide information about pupils which teachers can use to direct each child's individual learning program, to provide the measurements necessary for…

This is one of three volumes presenting the procedures and results of a research effort investigating the effects upon student outcomes of training teachers to implement individual study and self-directed study in their classrooms. In this volume correlation matrices drawn from tests of student variables and achievement are presented. Item…

Measures of the implementation of an individualized curriculum in 52 classrooms at the second-grade level are presented. The study also uses the measures of classroom processes to help explain student achievement on standardized tests of reading and mathematics. The classroom process data are further analyzed to see if systematic differences occur…

The inadequacy of the traditional educational program has been clearly shown in the results of Project Talent. To remedy these defects, the Project PLAN Educational system includes six principle components: (1) an extensive informational program describing the opportunities, roles, and activities for which the student might prepare; (2) ability…

The 1967 Invitational Conference on Testing Problems dealt with various aspects of change in education. Papers presented in Session I, Evaluation and Research in Curriculum Development, were: (1) "Adapting the Elementary School Curriculum to Individual Performance" by Robert Glaser, and (2) "An Evaluation Model for Professional…

In a recent study, the mothers of 268 children who were in classes for educable mentally retarded in two public school districts in Southern California were interviewed. The responses of some of these mothers dramatize three issues: (1) biases in the assessment procedures used to label children as mentally retarded; (2) the stigmatization…

A transition program at the American College of Life Underwriters which is moving into criterion-referenced measurement, but is also maintaining some of the desirable aspects of norm-referenced measurement, is discussed. Two programs that have moved into the criterion-referenced measurement area are the Cassette/Review Program of the Zimmerman…

The procedures used in Phase I of the Individually Guided Education (IGE) evaluation to scale, adjust, and aggregate reading and mathematics achievement in grade 5 are described. An explanation is included of the administration procedures. The tests used (The Short Form Test of Academic Aptitude and the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills) and the…