The 1989-90 Compensatory Language Experiences and Reading-Recovery (CLEAR-RR) Program of the Columbus, Ohio Public Schools was implemented to provide early intervention to 514 underachieving first-grade pupils who appeared unlikely to learn to read successfully without intensive instruction. Specially trained teachers provided one-on-one half-hour…

Research developed and evaluated an individualized reading program for 21 third graders with reading problems. It sought to improve their reading ability so they could read and understand new vocabulary words with 80% accuracy, read with increased expression and fluency, comprehend new content and, by transfer, to produce improvement in their…