This study analyzed linguistic errors as part of the Differentiated Distance Education of Turkish as a Foreign Language Project, which pursues the development of an adaptive MOOC for Turkish as a second language. Therefore, the Turkish CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) A1-level writing exam papers of 177 learners were…

Each year, Turkish public schools welcome many children who have little to no Turkish language skills. This study has been conducted with the purpose of unearthing the challenges that preschool education teachers are likely to experience while teaching children with low Turkish language capabilities. Twenty preschool education teachers, who worked…

Many bilingual students studying at schools in rural areas of Eastern and Southeastern Turkey experience language conflict in the process of acquiring Turkish. Likewise, teachers appointed to schools where bilingual students are educated, especially from the western regions of Turkey, have problems adapting to the region's culture and language.…

In data collection process of Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHSs), only printed questionnaire in Turkish is used. Therefore, on-the-spot translation was performed during the data collection process, rather than using printed questionnaires in Kurdish or Arabic. From the item-level nonresponse perspective, this study examines the quality…

This study was conducted to determine the writing skills of bilingual students whose mother tongue is Kurdish and monoligual students whose mother tongue is Turkish in the fifth grade of secondary school. More specifically, the story and essay writing skills of bilingual students are compared with the writing skills of monolingual students based…

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of teacher toward heritage (mother tongue) languages based multilingual education and based on these findings to determine how teachers within public school settings perceive multilingual education. The sample comprised 150 teachers employed in public schools in Turkey. The survey method was…

Many students learn Turkish as a second language in Turkey. These students, whose first language is Kurdish, learn Turkish at a certain level before starting school. As a result, these students become emergent bilinguals along with school life. On the other hand, some of these students almost do not use Kurdish in their lives and wholly turn to…

The purpose of this research is to analyse reading fluency and comprehension skills of different mother tongue of primary school students in the 4th grade. The effects of variables such as mother tongue and gender were examined in reading fluency and comprehension skills of different primary school students whose mother tongue is different. The…

Democratisation in Turkey collapsed in the wake of the 2016 failed military coup and the crackdown that followed, with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan launching a widespread rollback of academic and other liberties, systematically purging civic institutions of political opponents and critics that significantly harmed intellectuals, students, and…

Translanguaging pedagogies have been documented to support language minoritized students in various ways, such as supporting their academic learning, affirming their bi-/multilingual and cultural identities, and disrupting the colonial and monolingual ideologies dominating school curricula. Yet, very few scholars have pointed to the existing…

Purpose: Research shows that students in Turkey are taught to write with much smaller vocabularies than students in other countries. Along with the constructivist approach, the frequency of words used in texts should be high, and unknown words should be at certain levels in order to allow for production, cognizance and creation of information…

By exploring two novel concepts, "heritage language anxiety" (HLA) and "majority language anxiety" (MLA), this study draws attention to the hitherto neglected topic of "language anxiety" in immigrant and minority contexts. Based on semi-structured interviews with three generations of Turkish immigrants in the…

Studies on aging and migration often note a 'language barrier' for older migrants when communicating in a (medical) second language (L2) context. Yet how a limited L2 proficiency impacts the aging process of migrant adults has, so far, not been systematically investigated. This question is important given that having a limited L2 proficiency may…

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying reflections of bilingualism on preschool education. Ethnographic case study design was adopted in this descriptive research. It was carried out with the participation of eight preschool teachers who were teaching at different village schools and 13 pre-school students in the Southeastern…

This study aims to investigate narrative competence of bilingual children from low socio-economic status (SES) before and after they were involved in fourteen weeks of Turkish storytelling activities. Fifteen bilingual children from low-SES backgrounds participated in this research. Bilingual children first produced narratives using Mercer Mayer's…