The author has presented a historical review of societal/industrial conditions affecting the development of manual education to determine if a need for change in industrial arts exists at the present time. Societal conditions, industrial conditions, and the resulting educational response are examined in: Russia (mid-19th century), Sweden (19th…

Following research that documented inadequate motivation as a problem through assessment of academic performance, student motivational surveys, teacher class records, and teacher journal entries, a program was conducted to increase the level of motivation of junior high school students in a middle-class community in central Illinois. Observations…

The purpose of this study was to determine the compatibility of the reading level of students with the required power-mechanics textbooks used by senior industrial arts majors in the California State University and Colleges System. The data for this study were obtained from responses to the Schrammel-Gray High School and College Reading Test…

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of previous training in agricultural mechanics upon achievement of students enrolled in a college level agricultural mechanics course and to determine factors that affect performance in this course of basic metals and welding. Students enrolled in the course during the fall and winter…

The historical emergence of industrial arts education, the current attitudes of professionals in regard to philosophy and content, and the debate involving technology education and its implications are summarized in a literature review. The debate within the profession regarding definition, curriculum, and philosophy is of long-standing…