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Superordinate Categorization of Negative Facial Expressions in Infancy: The Influence of Labels
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Ruba, Ashley L.; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Repacholi, Betty M. – Developmental Psychology, 2020
Accurate perception of emotional (facial) expressions is an essential social skill. It is currently debated whether emotion categorization in infancy emerges in a "broad-to-narrow" pattern and the degree to which language influences this process. We used an habituation paradigm to explore (a) whether 14- and 18-month-old infants perceive…
Descriptors: Infants, Nonverbal Communication, Emotional Response, Toddlers
Three-Month-Old Infants' Categorization of Animals and Vehicles Based on Static and Dynamic Attributes.
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Arterberry, Martha E.; Bornstein, Marc H. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2001
Investigated 3-month-olds' categorization of animals and vehicles based on static and dynamic attributes. Found that regardless of viewing static or dynamic displays, infants showed habituation to varying exemplars from the same category, dishabituated to an exemplar from a novel category, and showed a novelty preference for a novel-category…
Descriptors: Classification, Comparative Analysis, Habituation, Infant Behavior
Six-Month-Old Infants' Categorization of Containment Spatial Relations.
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Casasola, Marianella; Cohen, Leslie B.; Chiarello, Elizabeth – Child Development, 2003
Two experiments examined six-month-olds' ability to form an abstract containment category. Results indicated that, after habituation to object pairs in a containment relation, infants looked reliably longer at an example of an unfamiliar versus familiar containment relation, indicating that they could form a categorical representation of…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning
Parsing Items into Separate Categories: Developmental Change in Infant Categorization.
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Younger, Barbara A.; Fearing, Dru D. – Child Development, 1999
Three experiments used a familiarization/novelty or a habituation/dishabituation procedure to examine developmental change in infants' tendency to parse exemplars into separate categories. Results indicated that 10-month olds appeared to form differentiated categories, whereas 4- and 7-month olds formed a single category to include the range of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Familiarity
Six-Month-Olds' Categorization of Natural Infant-Directed Utterances.
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Moore, David S.; Spence, Melanie J.; Katz, Gary S. – Developmental Psychology, 1997
Two experiments examined 6-month olds' ability to categorize natural infant-directed utterances. Infants heard seven different tokens from one class of utterance (comforting, approving). Findings indicated that infants who later heard a test stimulus from the unfamiliar class showed response recovery, whereas those who heard a novel stimulus from…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Caregiver Speech, Classification, Cognitive Development
Early Differentiation within the Animate Domain: Are Humans Something Special?
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Pauen, Sabina – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2000
Two experiments investigated whether preverbal infants distinguish between humans and mammals. Study 1 found that 7-, 9-, and 11-month-olds distinguished humans from mammals in an object-examination task. Study 2 found that 7-month-olds but not 5-month-olds showed evidence for category discrimination with the 2-dimensional color photos of toy…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis