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Direct linkWest, Stephen G.; Thoemmes, Felix – Psychological Methods, 2010
Donald Campbell's approach to causal inference (D. T. Campbell, 1957; W. R. Shadish, T. D. Cook, & D. T. Campbell, 2002) is widely used in psychology and education, whereas Donald Rubin's causal model (P. W. Holland, 1986; D. B. Rubin, 1974, 2005) is widely used in economics, statistics, medicine, and public health. Campbell's approach focuses on…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Research Methodology, Validity, Inferences
Imbens, Guido W. – Psychological Methods, 2010
In Shadish (2010) and West and Thoemmes (2010), the authors contrasted 2 approaches to causality. The first originated in the psychology literature and is associated with work by Campbell (e.g., Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2002), and the second has its roots in the statistics literature and is associated with work by Rubin (e.g., Rubin, 2006). In…
Descriptors: Economics, Research Methodology, Causal Models, Inferences
Wainer, Howard – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2010
In this essay, the author tries to look forward into the 21st century to divine three things: (i) What skills will researchers in the future need to solve the most pressing problems? (ii) What are some of the most likely candidates to be those problems? and (iii) What are some current areas of research that seem mined out and should not distract…
Descriptors: Research Skills, Researchers, Internet, Access to Information
Jonassen, David H.; Ionas, Ioan Gelu – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2008
Causal reasoning represents one of the most basic and important cognitive processes that underpin all higher-order activities, such as conceptual understanding and problem solving. Hume called causality the "cement of the universe" [Hume (1739/2000). Causal reasoning is required for making predictions, drawing implications and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Inferences, Thinking Skills, Causal Models
Gorard, Stephen – Evaluation and Research in Education, 2002
This paper contains a consideration of the nature and role of warrants for research conclusions in educational research. The paper argues the need for an explicit warrant in the form of a logical and persuasive link between the evidence produced and the conclusions drawn (with appropriate qualifications and caveats). It describes social scientific…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Persuasive Discourse, Validity, Logical Thinking
Peer reviewedEflin, Juli T.; Kite, Mary E. – Teaching of Psychology, 1996
Describes a teaching activity that improves students' scientific reasoning by focusing attention on the causal, explanatory nature of psychological theories. Students learn and use an argument form called Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE). Includes examples of this technique and student responses to the course. (MJP)
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Behavior, Causal Models, Educational Strategies
