Artificial intelligence-mediated informal digital learning of English (AI-IDLE) might strengthen second language (L2) learners' motivational self-concept (e.g., the ideal L2 self) and enhance their foreign language enjoyment (FLE) by enabling them to build confidence, engagement, and willingness to practice their English skills in a self-directed,…

Background: There is a growing interest in the complexity of socio-materiality-making activities in educational and everyday settings. Indeed, maker-centered learning is considered as a socio-materially embodied process in which artifacts and social and emotional dimensions are interconnected. The making process is also found in everyday life when…

This study explored STEM program quality prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, including differences based on learning setting. Program quality data was drawn from a national database consisting of 1259 program quality observations conducted between 2013 and 2021. Using the Dimensions of Success (DoS), an observation tool focused on informal…

The advent of digital technology has enabled the development of alternative learning methods that enable personalized education to meet the demands of the modern era. Regardless of geographical location and time, online education facilitates the provision of personalized learning opportunities through asynchronous or synchronous recording. Thanks…

Following the increasing use of online learning among academic institutions worldwide, this study examined the relationships between enjoyment of study, study engagement, learning performance, and informal learning. Based on the intrinsic motivation theory, enjoyment of study is posited to motivate students to engage in their studies and affects…

The growth of social media has given rise to many informal online communities. In these communities, people communicate, make connections, exchange information and transfer knowledge without time or location restrictions. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate both lurkers' and posters' perceptions of learning in Reddit-based…

We have elaborate systems of formal instruction--schools, universities, and training institutes--all to facilitate learning within the walls. At the same time, there are ample opportunities for learning in the wild--in nature, libraries, and museums, online, in play and work, and through daily interaction with others. But the potential for…

Online, informal learning communities bring youth opportunities for learning that schools cannot offer. Yet, there are concerns about the impact of social media platforms' control over online learning. We argue for a re-evaluation of what an 'online informal learning community' is by looking at such active communities on three platforms: YouTube,…

Purpose: The study discusses the importance of workplace learning in the current era of work and how organisations are shifting their focus toward employee learning and development. It highlights the need for employees to continuously up-skill themselves to keep up with the demand for skills. The purpose of this study is to introduce a modern…

The primary aim of this research study was to examine the impact of informal digital English learning, facilitated by various online sources such as educational content, entertainment content, and socialisation content, on students' motivation to acquire English as a second language and their general attitude towards the process of learning…

Informal STEM education (ISE) programs are known to foster heightened student engagement due to leveling the student-teacher hierarchy, free choice, self-directed learning experiences, and hands-on pedagogies. ISE has also been shown to be effective in helping to prepare the K-12 STEM teacher workforce by fostering STEM teacher identity. The…

The present research used a longitudinal framework to test a model of willingness to communicate (L2WTC), informal digital learning of English (IDLE), and foreign language boredom (FLB) in learning English as a foreign language among 325 Iranian university students attending a course in general English for 4 months via a latent change score…

While extensive studies on informal online learning have been well documented to afford teachers' collaborative learning and knowledge sharing, little is still known about their motivational factors regarding the continuance intention of informal online learning. To this end, an extended expectation confirmation model (ECM) was proposed including…

This paper studies the circulation of learner emotions during a tertiary chitchatting e-tandem called "Bab(b)elade." In this online collaborative language learning project, students of French and Dutch develop each other's foreign language competence in an informal setting, away from 'classic' academic requirements. Using questionnaire…

The goal of this paper is to explore how game-based experiences can be leveraged through mobile technology to activate learner engagement and achieve a seamless connection between formal and informal learning. The paper presents a mobile game authoring tool that enables educators to create gamified lesson paths, drawing on the concept of atomic…