Discusses the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which was adopted as an international standard for data description, data modeling, and interchange in October 1986, and explores its evolution from its technical completion to its adoption by the international market. (four references) (LAE)

Information resources can be considered a series of formal processes or activities by which the potential usefulness of specific information messages being processed is enhanced. These processes may add value to the information for the user. In order to increase the possibility that the information will be useful to recipients and users,…

This essay addresses the fundamental changes in higher education that make existing models of information technology support inappropriate and insufficient, and it suggests how new models might evolve. The paper discusses three primary issues that define the current crisis: overwhelming demands on the central information technology organization;…