The major purpose of this study was to test how preliterate learners use illustrations in storybooks to understand a story. Subjects were 23 five-year-old low-SES children, learning Dutch as a second language. Each child was exposed four times to a digital picture storybook. Five books were used and counterbalanced over children and repetitions.…

The effects of real-world schemata on recognition of complex pictures were studied. Two kinds of pictures were used: pictures of objects forming real-world scenes and unorganized collections of the same objects. (Editor)

A large number of Library of Congress cards are used to illustrate most of the "Anglo-American Cataloging Rules" (AACR). The rules are arranged in the same order as found in the AACR and are stated briefly along with one or more Library of Congress cards which illustrate that rule. Some rules are not illustrated because it is unlikely…

This research attempts to determine whether integration of information occurs when the information is presented partly in the verbal modality and partly in the pictorial modality; in other words, does cross-modality integration occur? (Author/RK)

This research examines how pictures differ from sentences on important memory dimensions, with specific reference to Bransford and Franks (1971). (Author/RK)

This study investigated whether five year old children would show similar social class differences in coding style to those found in Heider's (1971) study of ten year old children. Middle class children used a part-descriptive coding style, whereas working class children use a whole-inferential style; the findings were congruent with those of E.…

A study tested two alternative theories about the role of color in visual learning: first, that color provides an additional dimension of realism which results in the learner attaining a more complete image of the object or event and second, that color functions only as a coding device which facilitates the storage and retrieval of the image. Two…

In order to study the processes people employ in reading technical material and the ways in which information engineering can facilitate those processes, 13 adults, including electrical engineers, stockboys, secretaries, graduate students, and teachers, were asked to perform an assembly task by following concise, step-by-step instructions provided…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that coding (black and white, and color) and testing mode (visual/verbal) has on the achievement of students categorized as field independent (FID)/field dependent (FD) learners. One hundred eighty-three students enrolled in basic college level educational psychology courses were classified as…

Twenty children in each of grades 2 and 4 were given a reaction time task of the type in which Sternberg (1969) shows high-speed, serial, exhaustive scanning of information in memory. On each trial subjects were asked to memorize two, four, or six pictures and were then presented with a single picture probe. The subject made a key-pressing…