This study explored the controversy surrounding working memory: whether it is a unitary system providing general purpose resources or a more differentiated system with domain-specific sub-components. A total of 348 participants completed a set of 6 working memory tasks that systematically varied in storage target contents and type of information…

The processing-speedtheory and the prefrontal-executivetheory are competing theories of cognitive aging. Here we used a theoretically and methodologically-driven framework to investigate the relationships among measures classically used to assess these two theoretical constructs. Twenty-eight young adults (18-32 years) and 39 healthy older adults…

Stimulus over-selectivity refers to behavior being controlled by one element of the environment at the expense of other equally salient aspects of the environment. This is a common problem for many individuals, including those with autism spectrum disorders, and learning difficulties, and presents a considerable problem for information processing…

According to the temporal resolution power (TRP) hypothesis, higher TRP as reflected by better performance on psychophysical timing tasks accounts for faster speed of information processing and increased efficiency of information processing leading to better performance on tests of psychometric intelligence. An alternative explanation of…

In this fMRI study, we investigated prefrontal cortex (PFC) and visual association regions during selective information processing. We recorded behavioral responses and neural activity during a delayed recognition task with a cue presented during the delay period. A specific cue ("Face" or "Scene") was used to indicate which one of the two…

Research in science education has referred to limitations in information processing resulting from both mental capacity and working memory capacity. Mental capacity is often conceptualised within the framework of the theory of constructive operators. However, the cognitive resources underlying working memory are not well specified within the…

Crick and Dodge's (Psychological Bulletin 115:74-101, 1994) social information processing model has proven very useful in guiding research focused on aggressive and peer-rejected children's social-cognitive functioning. Its application to early childhood, however, has been much more limited. The present study responds to this gap by developing and…

A computerized system was developed to print out test items from permanent memory storage for achievement test construction. (RC)

Valid assessment with diverse populations requires tools that are not influenced by cultural elements. This study investigated the relationships between culture, information processing efficiency, and general cognitive capacities in samples of Caucasian and Mexican American college students. Consistent with the neural efficiency hypothesis,…

The Inter-Association Council on Test Reviewing (IACTR) was established in 1967 as an outcome of a committee established two years earlier by the Division of Evaluation and Measurement of the American Psychological Association. Its purpose is to facilitate the dissemination of information on, and reviews of, tests and other measurement…

Tested, in two separate studies, the assumption that listening comprehension is dependent, in part, upon an individual's level of cognitive complexity. Found that high-complex individuals comprehend more listening material than do their cognitively simpler counterparts. Lends support to an information processing conceptualization of listening. (PD)

The present study used a set of bimodal (auditory-visual) conflict designed specifically for the preschool child. The basic component was a match-to-sample sequence designed to reduce the often-found contaminating factors in studies with young children: failure to understand or remember instructions, inability to perform the indicator response, or…

The system is a comprehensive set of computer programs and procedures for assisting in the preparation, scoring and analysis of multiple choice test batteries. The system may be used with either standardized or locally developed tests. For the upper grades the system accepts pupil responses on mark-sense answer sheets. For lower grades pupil…

This manual has four purposes. They are: (1) to list test analysis services available to teachers, (2) to explain information on the analysis printouts, (3) to provide help in interpreting analysis results, and (4) to suggest possible uses of test analysis data. It is noted that test analyses services are available to teachers for teacher-made…

The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a new method for measuring the subjective information of written materials in mathematics. In order to support the theoretical validity of the new measure, the study provided a derivation of the measure from Shannon's original information formula. Then the measure was used to measure the…