The goal of the present study was to address the analytical complexity of incorporating responses and response times through applying the Jeon and De Boeck mixture item response theory model in Mplus 8.7. Using both simulated and real data, we attempt to identify subgroups of responders that are rapid guessers or engage knowledge retrieval…

This systematic review examines 22 studies (2024-2025) on the use of generative AI, primarily ChatGPT, for providing feedback in English writing instruction for language learners. It identifies the types of feedback AI offers, its effectiveness relative to teacher and peer feedback, and perceptions from students and teachers. Findings show AI…

In the past decade (2007-2017), research on written corrective feedback (WCF) has been proliferating in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) and English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) contexts, and new developments in this field of research are evident. To synthesize the latest advancement in WCF research, a systematic review of recent literature on…

One issue of real interest in the area of web data mining is to capture users' activities during connection and extract behavior patterns that help define their preferences in order to improve the design of future pages adapting websites interfaces to individual users. This research is intended to provide, first of all, a presentation of the…

A central issue in the design of curricula for all school levels is the development of the learners' high-order thinking skills and metacognitive skills. Among such required skills is the ability to solve problems. The literature dealing with the development of problem-solving skills is vast and primarily addresses the scientific disciplines, even…

This paper aims to connect recent corpus research on phraseology with current language testing practice. It discusses how corpora and corpus-analytic techniques can illuminate central aspects of speech and help in conceptualizing the notion of lexicogrammar in second language speaking assessment. The description of speech and some of its core…

Research on Tip of the Tongue (ToT) states has been used to determine whether access to syntactic information precedes access to phonological information. This paper argues that previous studies have used insufficient analyses when investigating the nature of seriality of access. In the first part of this paper, these complex issues are discussed…

Purpose: Image searching is a common activity for web users. Search engines offer image retrieval services based on textual queries. Previous studies have shown that web searching is more demanding when the search is not in English and does not use a Latin-based language. The aim of this paper is to explore the behaviour of the major search…

A central question in online human sentence comprehension is, "How are linguistic relations established between different parts of a sentence?" Previous work has shown that this dependency resolution process can be computationally expensive, but the underlying reasons for this are still unclear. This article argues that dependency…

Discusses theoretical considerations of indexing as a part of information retrieval theory. Topics discussed include mentalist proposals; text representation and knowledge representation; rules of grammar and syntax; linguistic theory; philosophical theories of Wittgenstein regarding rules; retrieval practices; and the formation of rules in…

Discussion of information filtering in information retrieval systems introduces a method for defining filters for structured text where the text structure is originally defined by a grammar consisting of a set of productions. Use of a template that is created interactively from the grammar is explained, and a prototype implementation is described.…

Discussion of XML focuses on a description of Tequyla-TX, a typed text retrieval query language for XML documents that can search on both content and structures. Highlights include motivations; numerous examples; word-based and char-based searches; tag-dependent full-text searches; text normalization; query algebra; data models and term language;…

DESIGNED FOR LINGUISTS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS, THE COLLECT SYSTEM CAN ANALYZE THE SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF RUSSIAN SENTENCES BY SEARCHING A FILE OF RUSSIAN TEXT. IN A TYPICAL SEARCH ON A GIVEN SENTENCE, GRAMMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS, INDIVIDUAL WORD SPELLINGS, AND WORD OCCURRENCES CAN BE DETERMINED. SINCE THE SYSTEM INCLUDES INTERPRETERS, THE LINGUIST CAN…

Chemical structure diagrams are considered as utterances in a written language. Two types of grammars are considered for this language: topological grammars and geometric grammars. The hypothesis is presented that compact computer storage may become accessible via grammars. (15 references) (Author/NH)

An experiment is described for determining the vocabulary and grammar of user retrieval requests in natural English as a guide in the design of a language for man-machine communication through a typewriter console. This experiment tested written dialog in follow-up to an experiment that tested oral dialog. Subjects repeated behavior observed in…