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Psychological Entropy: A Framework for Understanding Uncertainty-Related Anxiety
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Hirsh, Jacob B.; Mar, Raymond A.; Peterson, Jordan B. – Psychological Review, 2012
Entropy, a concept derived from thermodynamics and information theory, describes the amount of uncertainty and disorder within a system. Self-organizing systems engage in a continual dialogue with the environment and must adapt themselves to changing circumstances to keep internal entropy at a manageable level. We propose the entropy model of…
Descriptors: Information Theory, Thermodynamics, Information Systems, Scientific Concepts
Integration Theory and Attitude Change
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Anderson, Norman H. – Psychological Review, 1971
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Information Theory, Information Utilization, Psychometrics
The Magical Number Seven: Still Magic after All These Years?
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Baddeley, Alan – Psychological Review, 1994
George A. Miller's essay gives a clear account of information theory and demonstrates how the concept of limited channel capacity can be applied across sensory dimensions. Its major influence has been demonstrating that immediate memory span is relatively insensitive to the amount of information per item. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Information Theory, Information Utilization, Memory
On the Origins of Dynamical Awareness.
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Gilden, David L. – Psychological Review, 1991
An inquiry into the origins of dynamical awareness shows that impressions of dynamical quantities are not generally correlated with the values that these quantities take in equations of motion but are highly correlated with simple ratios of kinematic quantities or with specific kinematic features that do not specify underlying dynamics. (SLD)
Descriptors: Heuristics, Information Theory, Motion, Organization
Seven Plus or Minus Two: A Commentary on Capacity Limitations.
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Shiffrin, Richard M.; Nosofsky, Robert M. – Psychological Review, 1994
Many of the puzzles of absolute judgment raised by George A. Miller in 1956 remain puzzles today. Literature directed toward capacity limitations in absolute judgment tasks and in short-term memory is reviewed, and some models that attempt to elucidate the phenomena are discussed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Information Theory, Information Utilization, Literature Reviews
Contrasting Orientations to the Theory of Visual Information Processing
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Turvey, M. T. – Psychological Review, 1977
The concepts of iconic memory and schematic memory are used to examine two fundamental and related features of the contemporary theory of visual information processing. (Editor)
Descriptors: Charts, Information Processing, Information Theory, Memory
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information.
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Miller, George A. – Psychological Review, 1994
Capacity limitations in absolute judgment tasks are discussed in relation to information theory. Information theory can provide a quantitative way of resolving questions about limitations on the amount of information we can receive and the process of recoding. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Encoding (Psychology), Information Theory
Controlled and Automatic Human Information Processing: 1. Detection, Search, and Attention
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Schneider, Walter; Shiffrin, Richard M. – Psychological Review, 1977
A two-process theory of human information processing is proposed and applied to detection, search, and attention phenomena. (Editor)
Descriptors: Charts, Concept Formation, Information Processing, Information Theory
Component Processes in Analogical Reasoning
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Sternberg, Robert J. – Psychological Review, 1977
Describes alternative theoretical positions regarding (a) the component information processes used in analogical reasoning and (b) strategies for combining these processes. Also presents results from three experiments on analogical reasoning. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Analogy, Charts, Information Processing, Information Theory
Controlled and Automatic Human Information Processing: 11. Perceptual Learning, Automatic Attending, and a General Theory
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Shiffrin, Richard M.; Schneider, Walter – Psychological Review, 1977
The two-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977) is tested and extended in a series of experiments. The studies demonstrate the qualitative difference between two modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search. A general framework for human information processing is…
Descriptors: Experiments, Flow Charts, Information Processing, Information Theory