This research takes steps towards developing a new theory of organizational information management based on the ideas that, first, information creates ordering effects in transactions and, second, that there are multiple centers of authority in organizations. The rationale for developing this theory is the empirical observation that hospitals have…

Elwin, Juslin, Olsson, and Enkvist (2007) and Henriksson, Elwin, and Juslin (2010) offered the constructivist coding hypothesis to describe how people code the outcomes of their decisions when availability of feedback is conditional on the decision. They provided empirical evidence only for the 0.5 base rate condition. This commentary argues that…

This study tested the effects of two instructional aids in a complex, dynamic environment, specifically, a business simulation. Participants studied (1) a "causal map," which depicted key variables in an interconnected network, (2) a textual outline of the same relationships, or (3) no-aid. With the relevant aid still available, the participants…

A generalized framework for developing analytical and conceptual relationships involving the flow of information has previously been suggested. This paper provides further refinement, rigor, and extension for some of the earlier relationships suggested. (12 references) (Author)

This second of two related articles by the same authors describes a simulation model which permits examination of the interrelationship between information and decision making for a variety of situations. Prototype experiments which place human decision makers in an interactive decision-making mode are also described. Five references are cited.…

The third of a series, this article describes prototype experiments which place human decision makers in an interactive decision-making situation, presents results typical of those thus far observed in the prototype experiments, and describes preliminary analysis of the data. Three references are listed. (FM)

Research supported by the Office of Naval Research, Group Psychology Branch.

This study developed a variation of the DELPHI approach, a polling technique for systematically soliciting opinions from experts, to produce a technological forecast of developments in the information-processing industry. SEER (System for Event Evaluation and Review) combines the more desirable elements of existing techniques: (1) intuitive…

This first of two related reports by the same authors presents a generalized theory of the information flow process that establishes quantitative definitions for and relationships among quantity of information, value of information, effectiveness of information, decision-maker effectiveness, and decision-maker performance. Eighteen references are…

The theoretical framework underlying the Total Guidance Information Support System is discussed under the following topics: (1) Review of Literature, (2) A Brief History of Guidance and Counseling, (3) Philosophies of Guidance, (4) Decision-Making in Relation to Guidance, (5) The Origins of Information Theory, (6) Various Uses of Information…

Several factors are included in judgment formation by a juror during a trial, including evaluating each piece of information received with respect to the judgment in question, weighting each piece of information according to its validity for the particular judgment and its reliability, and integrating the weighted scale values into a single…

Sixty college students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions in a study of the effects of inadmissible evidence on a jury's verdict. The first group was exposed to the inadmissible evidence and a ruling that it was inadmissible; the second group, to the inadmissible testimony without objection; the third group, to the…

Capacity limitations in absolute judgment tasks are discussed in relation to information theory. Information theory can provide a quantitative way of resolving questions about limitations on the amount of information we can receive and the process of recoding. (SLD)

In order to determine if there are developmental effects on information integration and dispositional attributions, 145 adolescents at two ages (13 and 18) were presented with information about hypothetical peers. (Author/MP)