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Direct linkTânia Fernandes; Sofia Velasco; Isabel Leite – Developmental Science, 2024
Discrimination of reversible mirrored letters (e.g., d and b) poses a challenge when learning to read as it requires overcoming "mirror invariance," an evolutionary-old perceptual tendency of processing mirror images as equivalent. The present study investigated "when," in reading development, mirror-image discrimination…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5
Gehsmann, Kristin M.; Mesmer, Heidi Anne – Reading Teacher, 2023
This article addresses the characteristics of learners in the emergent stage of literacy development and describes two instructional practices that facilitate the development of the alphabetic principle and concept of word in text.
Descriptors: Emergent Literacy, Beginning Reading, Early Reading, Phonological Awareness
Yamagata, Kyoko – Cognitive Development, 2007
This study investigated the process by which the representational activity and knowledge about drawing and letter and number writing emerge in children 21-46 months old. The results revealed that representational activities developed with age through several phases. Beginning at age 2, children produced different marks for different systems, but…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Childrens Writing, Beginning Writing, Emergent Literacy
