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Cleland, Donald L.; And Others – 1968
A project designed (1) to determine the incidence of vocalism during silent reading in intermediate-grade children classified as either reading retardates or achievers and (2) to determine the desirability of this vocalism as an adjunct to the reading process was described. The major conclusions reached were that implicit speech is a natural…
Descriptors: Basic Reading, Educational Media, Inner Speech (Subvocal), Intermediate Grades
Cleland, Donald L. – Conf Course Reading Univ Pittsburgh, 1968
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Cognitive Processes, Creative Reading, Critical Reading
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Cleland, Donald L. – Visible Language, 1971
Reports ...an investigation to determine the incidence of vocalism during silent reading by two groups of intermediate grade children: reading achievers and reading retardates. A general conclusion is that vocalism is a natural adjunct of the reading process and that at appropriate times all of us use it as a secondary sensory reinforcement."…
Descriptors: Inner Speech (Subvocal), Intermediate Grades, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction
Cleland, Donald L. – Claremont Coll Reading Conf 32nd Yearbook, 1968
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Drug Therapy, Eye Fixations