Rehearsal is a form of self-talk used to support short-term memory. Historically, the study of rehearsal development has diverged from the study of self-talk more generally. The current experiment examines whether two characteristics of self-talk (impact of task difficulty and self-talk's narrative vs. planning purpose) are also observed in…

Mind-mindedness is associated with positive developmental outcomes. However, much of the literature uses mostly White, middle to high socioeconomic status (SES) samples despite evidence that the benefits of mind-mindedness may vary based on degree of social risk. Additionally, few studies have examined relations between mind-mindedness and…

Private speech utterances (PS) from 24 preschool children and 24 adults were obtained under (noninteracting) listener present and listener absent conditions using 2 tasks with an identical structure. Children produced significantly more PS in the listener present condition. Similar results were obtained with adults, albeit with a reduced incidence…

Three experiments examined the difficulty of translating cues into verbal representations of task goals by varying the degree of cue transparency (auditory transparent cues, visual transparent cues, visual arbitrary cues) in the Advanced Dimensional Change Card Sort, which requires switching between color- and shape-sorting rules on the basis of…

Results of an experiment with children ages 3-11 years performing serial recall tasks suggest that it is not until about age 5 years that children's overt speech reaches a functional stage that would justify internalization. (Author/WY)

Investigates the relationship of subvocal speech to recall in 46 4- and 5-year-old children on three muscle sites: lip, chin, and a nonspeech control. (LLK)

Cross-national stability in private speech (PS) and short-term memory was investigated in Saudi Arabian (n=63) and British (n=58) 4- to 8-year-olds. Assumed differences in child-adult interaction between the 2 nationality groups led to predictions of Gender ? Nationality interactions in the development of verbal mediation. British boys used more…