The present trend in developing and using semi-direct speaking tests has been supported by test developers and researchers' claim of their increased practicality, higher reliability and concurrent validity with test scores in direct oral proficiency interviews. However, it is universally agreed within the language testing and assessment community…

The overall goal of the 3M company in terms of the language training of its employees is to prepare individuals to be able to carry on everyday business on an international level and to develop employees who have both language skills and awareness of other cultures. The 3M Language Society consists basically of conversational language courses for…

The seven issues of the newsletter contain articles, letters, professional announcements, reports, reviews, and classroom instructional ideas of interest to teachers of adult English as a Second Language (ESL). Articles address these topics: diversity and commonalities among language and literacy teachers; part-time teaching; literacy for homeless…