Compared with England, where new implementations and programmes in the education system are often introduced at a striking pace, the German education system seems to be rather stable in its features and less dynamic in terms of reform and change. Hence, a phenomenon called "reform bottleneck" ("Reformstau") has often been…

This article explores the notion of the duality principle, as embodied in the German dual system of Vocational Education and Training (VET), within the context of a field survey of skill shortages faced by German and Indian firms operating in India. The study finds that these firms experience problems with the quantity and quality of skills…

Korea's developmental skill formation system was shaped in the 1970s by the Korean developmental state that proactively sought rapid Heavy and Chemical Industrialisation as the nation's overarching goal. Vocational education at the upper secondary level and post-school in-company training in particular were strategically nurtured and closely…

Discusses a current paradox in the field of vocational training, i.e., that at a time when technological change is making increased demands on the quality of vocational training, the quality of in-company training is generally deteriorating. Examines the paradox with particular reference to trainers. (NRJ)

Topics discussed include (1) establishment of a national vocational training service in Nicaragua; (2) vocational training in Senegal; (3) national vocational training week in the Ukraine; and (4) inplant training in the U.S.S.R. (SK)

The focus in recent studies of workplace learning has been on "communities of practice" and the ways that learning is shaped by such communities. In the process, there has been a downplaying of the importance of broader institutional arrangements, including the impact of organisational structures and management practice, as well as…

Describes two programs used by the Ford Motor Company to train manufacturing skilled trades personnel. Programmable Controller Maintenance Training Program for Industrial Technicians and Troubleshooting Strategy Program use simulation and provide improved task performance after training. (JOW)

Over the last decades educational researchers and politicians have shown a growing interest in the concept of learning in practice, i.e. learning in the workplace. Learning in practice plays an important role in connection with lifelong learning, as the workplace is an obvious setting for realizing this aim. Theories about learning in practice…

The German apprenticeship system results in a high proportion of skilled personnel and, therefore, is a major factor in Germany's productivity achievement and competitiveness. It also provides a smooth transition from school to work, low unemployment, and integration of school leavers into the apprenticeship system. (JOW)

Utah's Custom Fit Program (CFP) was reviewed in an attempt to evaluate a complex program. CFP provides funding to train employees of private businesses. In general, classroom training and on-the-job training for up to 500 hours is provided to full-time, entry-level employees of companies creating new jobs in Utah. Little legislative guidance had…

This paper examines young workers' beginning engagement in learning through work, placing it in the context of Australian policy on entry-level training. Eleven young people were followed through their first year of full-time work and the significant adults involved in their working and learning lives were also interviewed. The study demonstrates…

Describes the locus of learning concept formulated by the German Education Council in the 1970s. Argues that research on the place of learning is one of the core topics of research on vocational education. Explores concept of learning at work. Points out desiderata and perspectives on research on learning places. (CAJ)

This demonstration project was designed to prepare disadvantaged youth from the inner city to meet the requirements for, and perform effectively in, the apprenticeable construction trades in the District of Columbia. Of 160 trainees who were prepared for apprenticeship in two 24-week cycles, there were 143 graduates, of whom 120 were placed in…

This report describes the early experiences of selected upgrading programs currently underway in American industry. The research focuses on the practical perspectives of these efforts, especially the constraints encountered in program design and implementation, and the various techniques and responses which may overcome these constraints. The…

Discusses several English as a second language programs held at the students' job site, in particular the Tip Top Project in Toronto. Other projects in Toronto are discussed as well as similar programs in the United States, England, and Sweden. (CFM)