Children personally construct explanations of natural phenomena, some of which differ from currently accepted scientific explanations. The replacement of personal explanations with scientific explanations, as well as the development of concrete, formal, and post-formal reasoning patterns, requires self-regulation in which alternative explanations…

The philosophy underlying the African Primary Science Program, according to the author, is that the essence of science is not merely the statement of principles; it involves the struggle to find out about the material world. This program sought to develop the intellectual alertness of the children, and improve their questioning, and problem…