This article explores cross-national differences in the intensity of perceived barriers to adult learning in Europe focusing on the barriers recognised by those not participating and having no intention to do so. This relatively large subgroup has received scant scholarly attention, yet exploring their participation barriers is critical for…

The objectives of this dissertation include describing and analyzing the patterns of inequality in ALE participation at both the micro and macro levels. Special attention is paid to social origins of individual adults and their association with two groups of macro-level factors, social inequality (income, education, and skill inequality) and…

It is well reported in the literature that professional development activities have great potential to increase teachers' competencies in different areas, resulting in greater learning opportunities for students. In Turkey, however, teachers' participation in professional development activities is significantly lower compared to almost all…