The following ideas are shared: (1) a low-stress subtraction algorithm that eliminates the traditional borrowing process, and (2) an approach to graphing circular functions that looks at the process of modifying simple functions as a series of shifting, sliding, and stretching adjustments, with its biggest advantage viewed as its generality. (MP)

A conceptually elementary and geometrically based algorithm is presented to indicate how trigonometric functions can be calculated without using calculus. (MN)