Creative thinking has been considered a vital foundation for students. Owing to existing instructional strategies, students are not well promoted for creative thinking. This study addresses this challenge by proposing an instructional approach that integrates the strengths of backward instructional design and lateral thinking to promote students'…

Students perceive online courses differently than traditional courses. Negative perceptions can lead to unfavourable learning outcomes including decreased motivation and persistence. Throughout this review, a broad range of factors that affect performance and satisfaction within the online learning environment for adult learners will be examined…

The present study examined the relationship among learners' differences, behaviors in manipulating variables, and learning achievements in a simulation-based program that supports discovery learning in the subject of C-programming algorithm. Participants (n = 66) took the Group Embedded Figures Test, Action Control Scale, and Computer…

This study was designed to examine whether embodied agent integrated with the pedagogical approach of learning by asking questions impacts lower academic ability students' perceived science self-efficacy beliefs, immediate and delayed retention and whether the students' cognitive styles interact with the treatment condition in the outcome…

This study investigated the effects of visual cues in multiple external representations (MER) environment on the learning performance of novices' program comprehension. Program codes and flowchart diagrams were used as dual representations in multimedia environment to deliver lessons on C-Programming. 17 field independent participants and 16 field…

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of using learner-generated and instructor-provided multimedia annotations on foreign language reading comprehension and attitudes. The four research questions are: (1) what are the effects of using different multimedia annotations on reading comprehension for learners of different…

Reviews the literature on the cognitive style field dependent/field independent (FD/FI) and suggests implications for educational technologists in their efforts to address individual differences among learners during the instructional design process that would narrow the differential learning gain between FD and FI learners. Testing for FD/FI is…

A study of 279 females at the University of Qatar that received the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) indicated no interaction between learning style (field independent FID/FD field dependent) and three visual treatment types. Findings indicate the possibility of designing instructional materials to reduce achievement differences between FID and…

The field independent/field dependent tendencies of one-hundred and forty-three (143) Mexican American pupils in two rural, South Texas high schools was assessed. Teachers were given training in the educational implications of cognitive style on the learning process, and training to operate a classroom model designed to accommodate a specific…

Describes aptitude treatment interaction study that used the cognitive styles field dependence and independence matched with computerized algorithmic and discovery treatments to determine mathematics achievement on a criterion-referenced test. Posttest mathematics scores and student responses to the computer are analyzed, and mastery learning is…

This study examined variables which may be important in the design of instructional environments adapted to accommodate individual differences. Purposes of the study were: (1) to determine whether matching or mismatching subjects with their tendency toward field dependence or field independence had any effect on achievement in a hypermedia…

This paper highlights extensive previous research on cognitive learning style and describes an investigation of correlated cognitive learning style testing of 107 United States Air Force cadets and officers. The investigation set out to determine whether a multidimensional construct for individuals could be identified, allowing instruction to be…