Within the framework of cognitive learning theories, instructional design manipulations have primarily been investigated under tightly controlled laboratory conditions. We carried out two experiments, where the first experiment was conducted in a restricted system-paced setting and is therefore in line with the majority of empirical studies in the…

Discusses philosophical considerations that should be taken into account when developing materials to teach programing at elementary and secondary levels and outlines a learning environment based on these considerations. Philosophical considerations discussed relate to programing strategies, motivation, curriculum materials, continuity, visual and…