A traditional learning methodology known as self-directed learning (SDL) is used in this study as a foundation to design a learning management system that can help college students improve their abilities to self-manage and monitor their overall learning activities and performances. Such capabilities have been shown in past research as being…

Instructional engineering provides methods to conduct the design and adaptation of competence development programmes by the combination of diverse learning components (i.e. units of learning, learning activities, learning resources and learning services). It occurs through an established process workflow in which models with diverse levels of…