The purpose of this proposal was to examine how User Experience (UX) design principles can enhance traditional instructional design techniques in an online learning environment. Much of traditional instructional design methods come from a pre-internet era in an age in which online learning is growing exponentially (Troop et al., 2020).…

Background: K12 teachers need a wider range of design approaches to foster feasible qualitative improvements in all students' schooling experiences. We propose a framework for conceptualizing pre-service teachers' stances toward designerly thinking. Methods: We developed the framework following Crismond and Adams' scholarship of integration…