Listening is a major challenge for many English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. Decoding training, which helps learners develop the ability to recognize words from speech, is frequently used to assist EFL learners. Although recent empirical studies on decoding training have provided positive evidence on its effectiveness in improving EFL…

A discussion of the Linguistic Coding Deficit Hypothesis presents an overview of the theory; describes five prototypes of second-language learners, each illustrated by a distinct language processing profile; and examines how the ability to identify prototypes can help teachers interpret student difficulties and design instruction to address them.…

Suggestopedia is a form of educational dynamics based on the insights of suggestology. The process focuses on the whole person, and in so doing, it takes into account the conscious/unconscious duality of the student. In accordance with the principles of suggestology, the process of suggestopedia is conducted at three levels, the psychological, the…