The four-component instructional design model (4C/ID) has been increasingly used in face-to-face and online learning environments. We present a meta-analysis on the use and effect on performance of educational programs developed with the 4C/ID model after more than 20 years of its application and research in different academic areas and technical…

When instructional designers talk about what they do, they often discuss their outcomes rather than their process. Conjecturing during decision-making requires the instructional designer to build upon their prior knowledge of the situation and experiences and make assumptions based on available information to design an appropriate solution. This…

Intelligent tutoring systems are effective for improving students' learning outcomes (Pane et al. 2013; Koedinger and Anderson, "International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education," 8, 1-14, 1997; Bowen et al. "Journal of Policy Analysis and Management," 1, 94-111 2013). However, constructing tutoring systems that…

Even though an instructional designer may not have formal authority or direct reports, to be successful, they need leadership skills. Although the literature calls for instructional designers to possess several critical leadership skills, it does not consistently present the same important skills and often defines them very broadly. Further,…

If the challenges of teaching and learning do not amount to simple empirical questions about effective pedagogical strategies but are instead complex "wicked problems" that may be impossible to solve, where does that leave the practice of backward design? Drawing on the intellectual history of instructional design, I argue that the use…

Though the number of instructional design models has increased, the usefulness of an instructional design process (linear or iterative) when making design decisions for e-learning solutions remains uncertain. This basic qualitative study was used to explore the perspectives of corporate instructional designers who were mandated to move from a…

Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning (ARGBL) is becoming increasingly relevant in Technology-Enhanced Learning. Games with AR characteristics, or even AR applications structured with rules and game elements, are proving to be effective and successful learning experiences. There is a need to include teachers in the design process. In this paper,…

The instructional design and technology field is dynamic, requiring instructional designers to stay abreast through timely professional learning. Social media offers characteristics to collapse the time, geographical, and financial limitations of informal professional learning, but challenges exist. Continuous professional learning requires…

As faculty of an educational leadership doctoral program (EdD) aligned with the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) principles, we acknowledge the importance of inquiry to develop scholarly practitioners. Applying the tenet of Inquiry as Practice, our EdD faculty critically examined the doctoral curriculum to explore ways to…

The purpose of this study is to identify the motivational elements of formal online instructional design processes that are being implemented at traditional institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States (U.S.). For this study, I conducted a comprehensive literature review identifying emerging issues of practice for instructional…

Although research into gamification describes the pedagogy as contextual-based, there is minimal research into analyzing the context when implementing gamification. This research study aimed to examine how professional instructional designers experience analyzing higher education course rooms before implementing gamification into a higher…

MCL unclearly defined for the teachers asked to implement it in the classroom. This study sought to determine how teacher's implement MCL through the data collection of a mind map, which instructional components teachers used, the ideas that MCL has advanced and the idea that MCL made sense of. This qualitative case study analyzed six teacher's…

This study aimed to discover the lived experiences of Serious Game designers. More specifically, how they incorporate higher-order thinking skills, as defined by Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (2001), and assessing these skills. The main research questions are: "Which Serious Game design principles allow for the incorporation of higher-order…

This research aims to provide further insight on how to design effective educational games by exploring whether the integration of educational content through game mechanics, text, or a combination of both text and game mechanics is more effective in teaching the learning outcomes in games. The results of the study show that all three methods led…

Gamification has the potential to enhance learner motivation and increase participation, thereby improving MOOC's retention rates. However, challenges exist in finding the balance between learning and gamification elements and ensuring effective implementation, as well as the limited availability of established gamification frameworks tailored for…