Health professions educators are increasingly encouraged to implement "desirable difficulties" in their instruction, such as interleaved practice. In practical context, however, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the (meta)cognitive benefits of desirable difficulties, and interleaved practice in particular, posing a challenge…

Student engagement in their own learning of mathematics, and student attitudes towards mathematics are key dimensions of learning. This mixed methods study examined the impact of a classroom intervention based on the principles of reform mathematics (i.e., active student involvement, hands-on, real-world connections, use of manipulatives and…