This study synthesized the research on listening instruction (LI) and its effectiveness on L2 learners' listening competence development based on studies published from 1980 to 2019. After a literature search, well-designed studies that involved not only experimental or quasi-experimental and control groups but also pretests and posttests were…

Research on the effects of second language (L2) listening strategy instruction (SI) has gained momentum in recent years (e.g. Vandergrift & Tafaghodtari, 2010). However, the reported results have been inconclusive and varied across studies. Synthesizing the results of quantitative research in this domain, the present meta-analysis sought to…

Studies on digital game-based language learning (DGBLL) have increased in numbers, creating a pool of studies that can be meta-analyzed to measure the overall effect of digital gaming on second language (L2) development. The current meta-analysis targets digital games that were available to the public at the time of data collection, January of…

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the impact of technology on student foreign language learning, as it has been widely used to enhance language instruction over the past few decades. This multivariate meta--meta-analysis study aimed to examine the effects of technology on various aspects of language learning, including listening,…

The present meta-analysis investigated the effects of recasts along with a number of moderating variables on L2 development by meta-analysing the results of 24 primary studies. The findings revealed an overall medium effect size for the effectiveness of recasts (g = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.48-0.93). Furthermore, the findings indicated that recasts are…

Problem based learning (PBL) has great potential to enhance learning outcomes and this potential has been investigated and proved in different disciplines by many meta-analysis studies. However, there are not any meta-analysis studies aiming to investigate the effectiveness of problem based learning in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)…

Digital reading facilitates L2 development by allowing anytime-anywhere learning with various digital resources. Although there has been increasing research exploring the role of digital reading on L2 vocabulary learning, synthesized evidence regarding the overall facilitating power of digital reading is still lacking. This meta-analysis…

Although automatic speech recognition technologies have gained popularity in second language learning, there are still difficulties facing the use of automatic speech recognition in second language learning. Through a bibliometric review and a meta-analysis, this study examines the effects of automatic speech recognition on second language…

While numerous studies of robot-assisted language learning (RALL) for English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners' language skill development have been done, a comprehensive and theoretically-driven meta-analysis on its effects is still in paucity. To fill the gap, drawing on Activity Theory (AT), this study reported a meta-analysis from 47…

High-Variability Phonetic Training (HVPT) has demonstrated effectiveness in second language (L2) acquisition. This study utilizes a meta-analysis to explore the influence of high variability on learning L2 pronunciation and identifies the factors that moderate this impact. The studies were collected using a keyword search in the SCOPUS database.…

With a significant number of students using machine translation (MT) for academic purposes in recent years, language teachers can no longer ignore it in their classrooms. Although an increasing number of studies have reported its pedagogical benefits, studies have also revealed that language teachers are still sceptical about using MT for various…

Chatbots have shown great potential for language learning. However, previous studies have reported mixed results on the efficiency of chatbot-assisted language learning (CALL). This study integrated the results of previous experimental studies on CALL by using meta-analysis to explore its effectiveness. A total of 61 samples from 18 studies were…

This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of an additional gloss mode in single versus dual and dual versus triple glossing on second language (L2) learners' word learning. In total, 22 studies, providing 26 independent effect sizes, were coded, and 11 moderator variables including quality of data sample, learner variables, gloss features,…

This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of data-driven learning (DDL) among low-proficiency L2 English learners, addressing the mixed results found in previous meta-analyses. The study incorporated 38 studies involving 2085 participants, yielding 37 effect sizes from control-experimental (C/E) studies and 42 from pre- and post-test (P/P)…

Purpose: Despite numerous studies reporting beneficial effects of metacognition for improving learning or developing self-regulated learners, the evidence from tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings is still unclear as synthesis studies in this field remain rare. To address the gap, this study sought to identify, examine and…