This article concerns the contribution that feedback makes to valid classroom assessment of the writing of young learners (YLs), defined here as approximately 9-13 years old. It shows that a scale of descriptors adapted from the "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages" (CEFR; Council of Europe, 2001) can play a central role…

Second language research is important for teachers in bilingual programs because it investigates which solutions work best for which problems, in which situations, and with which learners. Research aids practitioners in more effective program planning, implementation, and evaluation. To compensate for the time lag in availability of materials,…

The stated objective of this handbook is to provide guidance in foreign language curriculum planning and teaching. Although written specifically for Arkansas educators, most of the resources and ideas are applicable to any foreign language program. Topics covered in the handbook are: (1) student competency goals; (2) descriptions of various…

The State of Iowa, in order to insure that students have access to educational programs essential to their needs and abilities regardless of race, sex, handicapping condition, language, socioeconomic background or geographical location, has promulgated these guidelines for insuring that foreign language programs are multicultural and nonsexist in…