Intellectual disability originates during the developmental period and is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. In this article, we present a brief history of the diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability for both…

Despite abundant research substantiating the value of teaching with films, there is a dearth of accessible resources that can help educators select films for positive modeling of character strengths. This scarcity exists in spite of the evidence that supports the efficacy of films' influence on young people. Young people today are receiving…

Rather than being viewed as a reading skill, comprehension is viewed as inferring the task of the writer or as discerning the ends and means of a discourse. Inferring the writer's task is to reason backwards from the product to the questions with which he may have started. Discerning ends and means is to view what is described, argued, or…

A comprehensive theory is needed to explain the gifted/creative child's developing intelligence. Literature-based criteria are suggested for evaluating theories and for distinguishing theories from program applications, within four broad categories: nature of the gifted child, education and identification, framework of the theory, and criteria for…

Develops two models used as the basis for the proposed Teaching Assessment Program (TAP): a 4-stage gnometectonic (process of coming-to-know) model of teaching and a model of intellectual development. Describes experimental use of teacher and student report forms for the TAP. ("Part I: A Critical Retrospect" is EJ 116-234.) (JT)

A study on the intellectual consequences of science teaching in the classroom is reported in this dissertation to illustrate the importance of the views of science emerging in instruction and to produce an analytical scheme for detecting students' ability to judge knowledge claims rationally and independently of their teachers. Instrumentalism and…

Too many report cards have grades and comments that are encoded and not standard referenced. To ease parents' confusion, reports should clearly distinguish between standard- and norm-referenced achievement, express teachers' judgments about student progress, consider longitudinal standards, identify strengths and weaknesses, distinguish between…

Developmental data on 612 home reared, Down's Syndrome children, from birth through 16 years of age, were collected over 20 years from an outpatient clinic for mentally retarded children and were statistically analyzed to ascertain normative times of motor, language and intellectual developmental behaviors. (Author/MC)

If a toy is classed as "educational," some demonstrable educational outcome ought to result from playing with it. Formerly, games and toys designated as "educational" were often strategies for painlessly imparting school subjects to children. Today, "developmental skills" or "readiness experiences" are typical objectives of many of the toys on the…

The idea of assessment as learning is discussed, along with the practical history of assessment, and how student assessments should be conducted. Background information covers the use of assessment in business and government, as well as in education and psychology. It is proposed that assessment include: multidimensional sampling of students'…

Information is reported on the intellectual maturity of children 6 through 11 years of age in the United States as estimated from the 1963 Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test data obtained in the Health Examination Survey of 1963-1965. Consideration is limited in this first report of a series of reports on these test findings to age and sex…

The texts of three conference papers are presented in this volume. The papers are: Student-Oriented Management: A Proposal for Change (Alexander W. Astin); Goals, Outcomes, and Academic Evaluation (Howard R. Bowen); and A Summary of the 1978 COPA Summer Conference (Charles M. Chambers). The first addresses the definition of quality in…

Presenting models based on the philosophies of Carl Rogers, John Dewey, Erich Fromm, and Jean-Paul Sartre, this paper proposes a philosophical approach to education and concludes with pragmatic suggestions concerning teaching based on a fully-functioning-person model. The fully-functioning person is characterized as being open to experience,…