For several decades, the Gramscian notion of the intellectual has been a popular framework to view the potentiality of educators as counter-hegemonic cultural workers. While this was an invaluable contribution to the field of critical education, notions of the intellectual have largely focused on class conflict. For a deeper theorization of the…

Bradbury's central goal in this book is to challenge and redefine intellectualism in ways that recuperate and reinvigorate it as a meaningful concept. Bradbury diagnoses a common presumption in the popular American imaginary that equates intellectualism to academic success in elite institutions of higher education. This view of intellectualism, by…

Dominant national myths create versions of reality that we need to deconstruct if we are to take students beyond stereotype. Using the USA as an example, histories that do not align with critical national narratives become silenced or muted. Preoccupation with Black and White dichotomies is just such a narrative that has hidden the significance of…

That students' social and economic characteristics shape their cognitive and behavioral outcomes is well established, yet policymakers typically resist accepting that non-school disadvantages necessarily depress outcomes. Rather, they look to better schools and teachers to close achievement gaps, and consistently come up short. This report…

This interview conducted with Henry Giroux begins by probing Henry's childhood, upbringing and undergraduate years to discover where his sense of social justice took hold. It also questions Henry about his working-class background and the major influences on his thought, including his relationships with Paulo Freire and Howard Zinn. The interview…

Reports two experiments to assess the usefulness of an alternative position to the "deficit hypothesis" and the "differences hypothesis," namely, that environmental/situational factors attenuate the performance of lower-class children, but that their competence, while genotypically equivalent to that of middle-class children,…

Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944-45 had no detectable effects on the adult mental performance of surviving male offspring; birth weight was not related to mental performance; and the association of social class with mental performance was strong. (AL)

The author maintains that IQ is largely heredity and rejects compensatory programs as failures, suggesting other interesting avenues to close present social gaps. (Editor)

For two decades, Bates seriously challenged educational administration's value neutrality as ideological and concerned with protecting vested interests and class divisions in society. This article explores intellectual influences shaping Bates's critical-theory approach, examines similarities to Thomas Greenfield's ideas, and evaluates critics'…

Differences in language proficiency between social classes and races were studied to determine the effect of familiarity of the testing situation. Results showed no natural setting language differences. (ST)

Study supported by Grant No. OEG-3-7-068526-2086, Project No. 6-8526 from U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

The influence of age at adoption, ethnic background, sex of adopted child, and social class of adoptive parents on the intellectual, emotional, and social development of adopted children was studied. An intragroup comparison showed that the variables studied had very little relevance. Comparison with a control group showed no significant…

Several early and contemporary theories of the role of play and make-believe are discussed. Studies which have examined the antecedents of social class differences in the young child's play are also explored and their implications for later development and education are analyzed. (Author/AM)

This report discusses several motivational concepts and their relevance to racial differences in intellectual achievement in the United States. One theoretical model of achievement motivation suggests that for Negroes in predominantly white intellectual-academic situations, the value of success is high while the expectancy of success is low,…

Program planning for economically deprived children might be improved if behavioral information pertinent to specific subcultural groups were systematically obtained. This prospectus focuses on developing a three-part behavioral model which, when integrated, would identify and profile the nature of disadvantagement in terms idiosyncratic and…