Determining evidence-based practices helps guide educators on how to teach. In this study, researchers replicated, updated, and extended the review of the literature on mathematics interventions for students with MID by Hord and Bouck (2012). The researchers determined the current state of the literature on academic mathematics interventions for…

This chapter reviews the intervention research literature -- particularly interventions deemed evidence-based -- for students with intellectual disability across academic and life-skills instruction. Although the focus of this chapter is the spectrum of students covered under the term "intellectual disability," the majority of research…

Virtual manipulatives are increasingly being used to support students with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual and developmental disability (ASD/IDD), in mathematics. However, to date, virtual manipulatives have not been examined or classified as an evidence-based practice for students with ASD/IDD, despite classifications of virtual…

The education of students with intellectual disability, like all students, is influenced by assessments. For students with intellectual disability, assessment is used to evaluate individuals as having an intellectual disability (e.g., intellectual functioning assessments and adaptive behavior assessments), as well as to guide instruction and…

Teachers of students with extensive support needs (ESN) often perform many leadership-related tasks, such as supervising paraprofessionals or advocating school wide for student accessibility and inclusion. While teacher leadership has received considerable attention in research and practice, much of the attention has resided in general education…

Researchers established virtual manipulatives as an evidence-based practice for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, much of the existing research for this population targets middle school students with IDD. This study examined a virtual number line paired with teacher modeling and the system of least prompts…

This study analyzes national demographic data in the field of intellectual disability (ID). The data derive from the recent reports to Congress on IDEA by the US Department of Education (USDOE, 2015, 2016, 2017). The findings include data on school prevalence, ethnicity, educational environments, school exit patterns (i.e., diploma completion,…

The term intellectual disability is broad and encompassing. Regardless of the severity of a child's intellectual disability, early education is important. This chapter discusses educational considerations of young learners with intellectual disability. Specially, the chapter focuses on academics, life skills, social skills and social development,…

Transition is important to all students but especially important to students with intellectual disability who may need additional supports throughout their vertical transitions in education. This chapter discusses different vertical transitions students with intellectual disability face in education, with particular attention to the movement from…

Mathematics is an important but also under-explored area of education for students with disabilities, including middle school students with intellectual and other developmental disabilities. In this study, researchers taught middle school students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to solve word problems grounded in life skills…

While research exists on parent expectations associated with post-school outcomes of youth with intellectual disability, limited research examines issues of parent--and youth--post-school expectations relative to issues of community, such as living in rural versus urban or suburban settings. Through a secondary analysis of the National…

Transition planning is an important element of special education. This study is a secondary data analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) that examined parent, student, and adult service agency involvement in the transition process for secondary students with intellectual disability (ID). The NLTS 2012 is the third…

Mathematics instruction -- and interventions to support mathematics teaching -- for students with intellectual disability is important yet underexamined. This study explored a graduated instructional sequence referred to as the virtual-representational (VR) as a mathematical intervention. Researchers taught four students with disabilities what…

Students with an intellectual disability historically faced exclusion in both schools and in their communities. Through court cases, legislation, and parental advocacy, students with an intellectual disability were awarded the right to an education, and under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, an education in the least restrictive…