Variations in the number of doctoral degrees awarded by Swedish universities since 1890 are being studied. Within a certain field of study, variations are found both at a national level between different periods, and at an institutional level between different universities. The focus is on the faculties of liberal arts, divinity, social science,…

It is postulated that an understanding of the arts is essential in liberal education. In an essay Richard Turner states that on many campuses there is little effort made to integrate the liberal and creative arts in the curriculum. Some critical factors are suggested for achieving a strong position for the arts in liberal education, and a group of…

This paper first evaluates discipline classification schemes and general differences between disciplines associated with the natural sciences and those associated with the humanities. It then reviews research which either asked students how professors in these fields teach, observed teachers in their classrooms, or asked students to describe their…