This study examines the impact of the Fraunhofer Society, Europe's largest network of applied research institutes, on patent applications. A difference-in-differences strategy was employed exploiting the establishment of five new Fraunhofer centres in the 2000s. The panel includes 65,963 European applicants (both firms and independent inventors)…

This study offers a critical examination of university policies developed to address recent challenges presented by generative AI (GenAI) to higher education assessment. Drawing on Bacchi's 'What's the problem represented to be' (WPR) framework, we analysed the GenAI policies of 20 world-leading universities to explore what are considered problems…

We are interested in how codified knowledge is produced around the globe (which inputs are used to produce scientific articles and patented inventions) and the efficiency of the process (how do the best performers produce more with the same inputs or produce the same with less inputs). Using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency frontier…

Purpose: Based on the sample of the European information and communications technology (ICT) companies, this paper aims to identify which strategy of knowledge generation is most beneficial for companies--internal knowledge development or absorption of knowledge external to the company through corporate acquisition or merger.…

In the context of transformation of the higher education landscape by Knowledge Society imperatives, there is an increase in academics' external engagement, especially in the fields of hard sciences. This trend is noticeable in various European countries with different higher education models, but rather limited knowledge in understanding the…

The world of work is being impacted by a fourth industrial revolution, transformed by artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies. With forecasts suggesting large shares of workers, displaced by automation, in need of upskilling/reskilling, the design of active skills policies is necessary. Conventional methods used to anticipate…

This Policy Paper aims at analysing the most important aspects of Public Responsibility, Financing and Governance of Higher Educations while seeking to formulate a students perspective on the state of play within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In doing so it touches upon the very foundation of how and in which socio-political…

In this report, the Commissioner of Education comments on data on city and state education, school superintendence, cost of education and police, increased attention to schoolhouse ventilation, women as school officers, women's education, the Vienna Exposition and awards to American educational exhibitors, American educators' European visits,…

In this thirteenth annual report, the Commissioner of Education discusses the Bureau of Education's work, with a list of its publications from the year. The Commissioner also presents summary data of institutions, instructors, and students; school age, population, enrolment, and attendance; legal school ages in the United States; teachers employed…

The Commissioner of Education reviews the work of the office, and provides discussion and data, with some diagrams on the following topics: six-year summary of institutions, instructors, and students; enrollment and attendance of the school-age population; public school teacher employment and salaries; per-capita expenditures on ungraded schools…