This study determined the working memory (WM) components (executive, phonological short-term memory [STM], and visual-spatial sketchpad) that best predicted mathematical word problem-solving accuracy in elementary schoolchildren (N = 392). The battery of tests administered to assess mediators between WM and problem-solving included measures of…

Children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD) have been found to be worse at recognizing facial expressions than children with verbal learning disabilities (LD) and without LD. However, little research has been done with adolescents. In addition, expressing and understanding facial expressions is yet to be studied among adolescents with LD…

The current study examined predictors of academic achievement, measured by standardized test scores, and performance, measured by school grades, in adolescents (Mn = 16.8) who met diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Combined type in early childhood (Mn age = 8.5; N = 579). Several mediation models were also…

The position that intelligence and achievement are essentially different measures of the same construct has often been referred to as a "jangle fallacy." Such a position challenges the present practice of placing children in learning disabilities programs based on a discrepancy between Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and achievement. This…

The purpose of the present study is to explain variation in academic achievement with general cognitive ability and specific cognitive abilities. Grade point average, Wide Range Achievement Test III scores, and SAT scores represented academic achievement. The specific cognitive abilities of interest were: working memory, processing speed, and…

This study investigated the differential validity of the Wide Range Intelligence Test, which is a new, brief measure of ability. Participants (N = 744) ranged in age from 5 through 85 years (M = 26.7 years, SD = 21.4 years) and varied by the demographic variables of gender, race/ethnicity (Anglo, African American, Hispanic), and education level…

This experiment was based on the assumption that the academic failure of the disadvantaged or middle class child is due to a failure of instruction and that if above-normal learning schedules were maintained, the second year of an enrichment program would not show the customary drop in gains from the first year. The subjects of this study were 43…

One hundred and fifty-five students (average age of 127 months) were tested using the WRAT-3 reading and arithmetic subtests, the Self-Perception Profile for Children with Learning Disabilities (SPPLD) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). One year later they were again tested with the same instruments. The authors hypothesised that…

Multiple regression analyses were conducted using kindergarten intellectual, academic, and social variables to predict third-grade classroom behavior and achievement. Results indicate that kindergarten social and academic competencies were optimal predictors of later achievement-related behaviors and achievement. A social competence measure of…

This research investigated whether low income rural functional illiterates could be motivated to learn by a prorated stipend given on the basis of academic performance. Fifty control subjects received a flat $15 weekly; 50 experimental subjects received the $15 plus stipends. Participants eligible for stipends were those in the upper third of…