One of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developments used in the learning process is the Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), and gamification can overcome boredom, lack of interest or motivation, and monotony when using the ITS. In this study, the application of ITS equipped with Gamification is called ITS + G. Currently, several…

Effective learning strategies based on principles like personalization, retrieval practice, and spaced repetition are often challenging to implement due to practical constraints. Here we explore the integration of AI tutors to complement learning programs in accordance with learning sciences. A semester-long study was conducted at UniDistance…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have a great potential to effectively transform teaching and learning. As more efforts have been put on designing and developing ITSs and integrating them within learning and instruction, mixed types of results about the effectiveness of ITS have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how ITSs…

This study investigates the development and evaluation of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based statistics tutor designed to assist students with quantitative analysis methods. The RAG approach was employed to address the well-documented issue of hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs). A computer tutor was developed that utilizes…

With the application of virtual venues in the field of education, numerous educational empirical studies have examined the impact of deep learning in the learning environment of virtual venues, but the conclusions are not always in agreement. The present study adopted the meta-analysis method and RStudio software to test the overall effect of 45…

Students process qualitatively and quantitatively different information during the dynamic self-regulated learning (SRL) process, and thus they may experience varying cognitive load in different SRL behaviors. However, there is limited research on the role of cognitive load in SRL. This study examined students' cognitive load in micro-level SRL…

Motivated by the proliferation of artificial intelligence that has the potential to promote self-access learning, this study utilizes a sequential explanatory quasi-experimental mixed methods design to investigate the efficacy of Google Assistant (GA) in facilitating second language (L2) vocabulary learning compared to online dictionaries. A…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and Augmented Reality (AR) have become greatly popular in current scenario, especially for helping students in mastering difficult subjects through a variety of different methods with the implementation of smart algorithms. There are many papers in the current literature that discuss the ITS architecture and the…

Integrating Augmented Reality (AR) technology into Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) has the potential to enhance science education outcomes among middle school students. The purpose of this research was to determine the benefits of an ITS-AR system over traditional science teaching methods regarding science learning outcomes, motivation,…

Recent technologies have extended opportunities for online dance learning by overcoming the limitations of space and time. However, dance teachers report that student-teacher interaction is more likely to be challenging in a distant and asynchronous learning environment than in a conventional dance class, such as a dance studio. To address this…

The present paper builds on the literature that emphasizes the importance of self-regulation for academic learning or self-regulated learning (SRL). SRL research has traditionally focused on count measures of SRL processing events, however, another important measure of SRL is being recognized: time-on-task. The current study captures the influence…

During the last decade an eruptive increase in the demand for intelligent m-learning environments has been observed since instructors in the online academic procedures need to ensure reliability. The research for decision systems seemed inevitable for flexible and effective learning in all levels of education. The prediction of the performance of…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have been widely used to enhance math learning, wherein teacher's involvement is prominent to achieve their full potential. Usually, ITSs depend on direct interaction between the students and a computer. Recently, researchers started exploring handwritten input (e.g., from paper sheets) aiming to provide…

In this study, we developed a classification system of programming errors based on the historical data of 680,540 programming records collected on the Online Judge platform. The classification system described six types of programming errors (i.e., syntax, logical, type, writing, misunderstanding, and runtime errors) and their connections with…

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), including large language models (LLM), has merged to support students in their academic writing process. Keeping pace with the technical and educational landscape requires careful consideration of the opportunities and challenges that GenAI-assisted systems create within…