Collaboration in peer interaction has been investigated extensively by analysing language-related episodes (LREs). These have been classified variously depending on the nature of the discourse. Most studies of collaboration in peer interaction have thus tended to adopt a predetermined framework for analysis. Meanwhile, task type as a mediating…

This is an action research report about the making of three dialogic learners, Cindy, Yori, and Leo at an arts-oriented university in China. It draws inspiration from Gao's dialogical communicator (2014), which is constructed on Bakhtin's dialogic theory (1981). These students, with their struggles and efforts, will hopefully become open-minded…

Often, second/foreign (L2) language learners receive little opportunity to interact orally in the target language. Interactive, conversation-based spoken dialog systems (SDSs) that use automated speech recognition and natural language processing have the potential to address this need by engaging learners in meaningful, goal-oriented speaking…

This is the first in a two-volume basic course in Guarani, the indigenous language of Paraguay. The volume consists of an introduction to the Guarani language, some general principles for adult language-learning, and ten instructional units. Because the goal of the course is to encourage and lead the learner to communicate in Guarani in class and…

This volume of the basic course in Guarani (the indigenous language of Paraguay) contains the core stage, or class-instructional phase, of the ten units presented in Volume One. These units contain explanations, exercises, dialogues, various types of pattern drills, suggestions for games and communication activities, and various types of…

This book contains the core of the Dari language instructional program developed by the Foreign Service Institute. Most of the sentences and exercises in the lessons are presented in the Persian script; the spelling represents the actual pronunciation of colloquial Dari. Each lesson includes a set of basic sentences and drills, vocabulary lists,…

These instructional materials for the Defense Language Institute's Chinese-Mandarin Basic Course include the following: (1) "Dictionary Drill"; (2) "Dictation Materials"; (3) "Character Flash Cards for the Basic Course, Lessons 16-124, Cards 1-52"; (4) "Character Flash Cards for the Basic Course, Lessons 125-279, Cards 53-97"; (5) "Basic Dialogues…

This volume, the first of two, contains 25 units of work; the first 24 units present new material and the last unit is a review. A portion of each unit is presented through programming, that is, information is given in a controlled sequence of steps so that the student may proceed at his or her own rate. Units 1-10 are largely geared to…

This special 12-week course in German has 55 lessons in five volumes. The sixth volume contains a German-English and an English-German vocabulary. This volume contains lessons 1-11. Each lesson has two dialogs, question-answer exercises, reading passages and questions for comprehension, and grammar explanations and examples. The grammar…

This special twelve-week course in German has 55 lessons in five volumes. The sixth volume contains a German-English and an English-German vocabulary. This volume contains lessons 12-22. Each lesson has two dialogs, question-answer exercises, reading passages and questions for comprehension, and grammar explanations and examples. The grammar…

This special twelve-week course in German has 55 lessons in five volumes. The sixth volume contains a German-English and an English-German vocabulary. This volume contains lessons 23-33. Each lesson has two dialogs, question-answer exercises, reading passages and questions for comprehension, and grammar explanations and examples. The grammar…

This special twelve-week course in German has 55 lessons in five volumes. The sixth volume contains a German-English and an English-German vocabulary. This volume contains lessons 34-44. Each lesson has two dialogs, question-answer exercises, reading passages and questions for comprehension, and grammar explanations and examples. The grammar…

This special twelve-week course in German has 55 lessons in five volumes. The sixth volume contains a German-English and an English-German vocabulary. This volume contains lessons 45-55. Each lessons has two dialogs, question-answer exercises, reading passages and questions for comprehension, and grammar explanations and examples. The grammar…

This volume is the first of nine in a basic course in German, revised edition. It is concerned with the pronunciation of German, the most common structural patterns, and basic vocabulary. The volume is divided into 15 lessons, each of which is intended to cover the work of one day, that is, six hours of classroom instruction and three hours of…

This is the second volume of the intermediate phase of the German Basic Course. The objective of the intermediate phase is mastery of the structural elements of the German language. Accordingly, each lesson contains the following elements: (1) introduction of new structure through "structure perception drills"; (2) a basic dialog dealing with a…