While self-regulation (SR) in student and teacher interactions in online environments, foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and foreign language anxiety (FLA) are significant issues in the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process, research on SR in student and teacher interactions in online environments seems scarce in the EFL research…

There has been an exponential growth in Language Massive Open Online Courses (LMOOCs) in the past decade. LMOOCs have also become an emergent and topical area of research in CALL, in particular, vis-a-vis learners' perceptions and experiences. However, not much attention has been paid to analysing the features of LMOOCs. We argue that a systematic…

The current study aimed to explore the perceptions of Saudi undergraduate students towards online learning during COVID-19. A total of 198 students completed a survey to this end. The results of the survey showed that the three factors referred to as 'effectiveness of online learning,' 'interactivity of online learning' and 'counteractive online…

This study investigated the usage of conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) to support learners in foreign language classrooms. It employed Google Assistant and focused on the interactions between the teacher, learners, and CAI, as well as the teacher's collaboration with CAI. Using social network and content analyses of two 50-minute…

Despite contemporary research calls for promoting learners' feedback dialogue, how feedback dialogue occurs and contributes to learners' uptake has been little addressed. This study on 28 pairs of EFL undergraduates attempts to explore the process of feedback dialogue, its potential and the main factors affecting it. The data collected from…

Research has provided evidence in support of the importance of the predictive effect of the willingness to communicate (WTC) on interactions in the classroom and shed light on the predictive sources of WTC. However, few studies have investigated learners' perceptions of classroom interaction in the target language (L2 PCI), and few have considered…

Using positioning theory as a framework, this study examined two adult learners' participatory opportunities in small group interactions when they were learning English as a second language in an American university. The study finds that control over access to participatory opportunities mainly lies in how learners manage to position themselves…

The widespread use of technology has accelerated many changes in the education sector including higher education. The Internet has made online learning feasible, and many researchers and educators are interested and took part in online learning to enhance and improve student language learning involvement while combating the reduction in resources.…

This study investigated features of L2 classroom-based teacher-student writing conference and student subsequent revision from the perspective of languaging. A nonnative teacher and four non-native students participated in the writing conference about two tasks of summary and critical review in an intact college ESL composition classroom. Eight…

This study examined Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' perceptions and use of politeness strategies in oral classroom discourse. In so doing, 29 EFL teachers were selected, and their classroom conversations with their students were audio-taped and observed. Further, ten teachers were interviewed to provide a deeper insight into…

This study investigates the strategies employed by Vietnamese EFL teachers to enhance emotional intelligence (EI) in adult learners within online learning environments. Utilizing a qualitative research design grounded in Mayer and Salovey's model of emotional intelligence and Knowles's theory of andragogy, the study involved semi-structured…

While discourse studies have uncovered regular structural patterns in classroom interactions, these patterns are often the result of interpretive decisions teachers make in performing various pedagogical actions. Notably, however, teachers' instructional decisions often stretch beyond topical boundaries and are thus not limited to the current…

This mixed-method study explored Chinese university students' orientations towards written corrective feedback (WCF) and their use of self-regulated learning (SRL) writing strategies in online English writing courses during COVID-19. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were administered to 311 and 12 students, respectively. Results…

The present study explored negotiated interaction with Grade 6 students (age 11-12) engaged in communicative tasks supported by Club Penguin Island, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). Unlike previous studies on digital games, the present study assessed the use of Club Penguin Island during face-to-face interaction.…

Online learning environments are changing the landscape of education, with evidence supporting their efficacy. However, research that focuses entirely on online distance English-language programs is sparse, especially in regards to oral proficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of an online distance-learning program in…