This study investigated the application of an artificial intelligence (AI) coach for second language (L2) learning in a primary school involving 327 participants. In line with Community of Inquiry, learners were expected to perceive social, cognitive, and teaching presences when interacting with the AI coach, which was considered a humanized…

This article examines a grade one teacher's support for her students' writing development through formal peer and teacher feedback. The teacher modelled and provided examples of effective feedback and good writing in whole-class and small-group lessons and in her own one-on-one verbal feedback on student writing. She allocated time for the…

The goal of this article was to investigate an indirect form of intergroup differentiation in children in the context of racial attitudes: the preference for ingroup members who interact positively with other ingroup members rather than with outgroup members. Study 1 confirmed this general hypothesis with preschool and 1st-grade children,…

The main purpose of the study was to describe teacher and pupil behavior during science lessons. Subjects of the investigation reported in this document were 144 first, second, and fifth grade pupils and the twelve teachers who taught these pupils. Each classroom was observed during five lessons of Science - A Process Approach. The instrument used…

In this study black children were more likely to match the responses of white models than of black ones. (Authors/MB)

Experiment 1 examined the effect of negative attention and repeated demands on the noncompliant behavior of children. Experiment 2 studied the relative effectiveness of negative attention, isolation, ignoring, and a combination of procedures in reducing noncompliance in children. (GO)

The problem investigated in this study was: What changes in the culturally disadvantaged pupils' oral language development will result when pupils are provided a program which includes daily verbal interaction with their teacher focused on a variety of pupils' experiences, interests and needs? The subjects of this study were randomly selected from…

The social interaction and social organization patterns of 408 Israeli kindergarten children and first graders engaged in outdoor free play were observed for 40 minutes each day for three continuous weeks. (Author/CM)

Microethnographic techniques are used to study and describe the salient aspects of the social competence acquired by children in a kindergarten or first-grade classroom. The role of the school and the teacher in the socialization process is examined through investigation of both verbal and nonverbal communication and interaction patterns. (LH)

Investigated was an inservice training program in elementary school science (grades 1, 2, and 3) designed to increase teachers' achievement of relevant performance skills. Attainment criteria were (1) a change in the teachers' verbal classroom behavior, and (2) an increase in the teachers' scientific knowledge and understanding of science. A…

The implementation of reading groups and its effects on pupil mobility, patterns of teacher-child contact, and pupil measures of reading achievement and related factors was examined. Group membership patterns, group influence on later reading performance, and teacher feedback were discussed. (BJG)

Examines the effect of management and turn-allocation activities on students' reading performance during classroom lessons. Shows that the teacher was often oriented toward other class members while eliciting information during students' reading turns. (FL)

This paper traces the evolving relationship of a teacher and a researcher who shared life in a kindergarten/first-grade classroom for an academic year. Their relationship became the basis for new ways of thinking about the social and academic competencies of children in the classroom, and for new ways of thinking about the aims and conduct of…

Changes in the teacher's authority structure as well as changes in the content of student talk during peer response sessions occur over the course of a school year in a first-grade classroom. In the beginning of the year, the teacher, a beginner in the Teachers College Writing Project, dominated the talk during share sessions, while the students'…